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Genome-Wide Analyses Provide Insights into the Scavenging Lifestyle of the Striped Hyena (Hyaena hyaena).
DNA and Cell Biology ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-02 , DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5537
Chuang Zhou 1 , Yi Liu 1 , Lu Qiao 1 , Yue Lan 1 , Megan Price 1 , Yang Meng 1 , Nan Yang 2 , Bisong Yue 1
Affiliation  

Hyenas (family Hyaenidae) occupy a variety of different niches, of which the striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) scavenges mainly on the carcasses of animals. We compared its genome with the genomes of nine other mammals, focusing on similarities and differences in chemoreception, detoxification, digestive, and immune systems. The results showed that the striped hyena's immune and digestive system-related gene families have significantly expanded, which was likely to be an adaptive response to its scavenging lifestyle. In addition, 88 and 26 positive selected genes (PSGs) were identified in the immune system and digestive system, respectively, which may be the molecular basis for immune defense system to effectively resist pathogen invasion. Functional enrichment analysis of PSGs revealed that most of them were involved in the immune regulation process. Among them, eight specific missense mutations were found in two PSGs (MHC class II antigen DOA and MHC class II antigen DOB), suggesting important reorganization of the immune system in the striped hyena. Moreover, we identified one cathelicidin gene and four defensin genes in the striped hyenas by genome mining, which have high-efficiency and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Of particular interest, a striped hyena-specific missense mutation was found in the cathelicidin gene. PolyPhen-2 classified the missense mutation as a harmful mutation, which may have aided in immune adaptation to carrion feeding. Our genomic analyses on the striped hyena provided insights into its success in the adaptation to the scavenging lifestyle.

中文翻译:

全基因组分析为条纹鬣狗(Hyaena hyaena)的清除生活方式提供了见识。

鬣狗(Hyaenidae家族)占据各种不同的生态位,其中有条纹的鬣狗(Hyaena hyaena)主要清除动物的尸体。我们将其基因组与其他九种哺乳动物的基因组进行了比较,重点研究化学感受,排毒,消化系统和免疫系统的异同。结果表明,条纹鬣狗的免疫和消化系统相关基因家族已大大扩展,这很可能是对其清除生活方式的适应性反应。此外,在免疫系统和消化系统中分别鉴定出88个和26个阳性选择基因(PSG),这可能是免疫防御系统有效抵抗病原体入侵的分子基础。PSGs的功能富集分析表明,它们中的大多数都参与了免疫调节过程。其中,在两个PSG(MHC)中发现了八个特定的错义突变II类抗原DOAMHC II类抗原DOB),表明条纹鬣狗的免疫系统发生了重要的重组。此外,我们通过基因组挖掘在条纹鬣狗中鉴定了一个cathelicidin基因和4个defensin基因,它们具有高效和广谱抗菌活性。特别令人感兴趣的是,在cathelicidin基因中发现了一条条纹的鬣狗特异性错义突变。PolyPhen-2将错义突变归为有害突变,这可能有助于对腐肉进食的免疫适应。我们对条纹鬣狗的基因组分析提供了洞察力在适应清除生活方式方面的成功见解。
更新日期:2020-10-06
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