Over the past few decades, seeding strategies for solution crystallization processes have been developed for various applications, and significant improvements in crystal quality and process robustness have been achieved. Here a systematic review of seeding techniques from the preparation and characteristics of seed crystals to application instances of seeding strategies is presented. First, the dependence of the seeding strategy on the tuning purpose of secondary nucleation is illustrated and discussed in combination with application instances. Next, seeding crystallization for specific targets such as systems for oiling out, chiral resolution, and tubular crystallization processes is discussed. Finally, opportunities for further study of seeding crystallization are proposed.

中文翻译：

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晶种技术和溶液结晶工艺的优化

在过去的几十年中，已经针对各种应用开发了用于溶液结晶过程的晶种策略，并且已经实现了晶体质量和过程稳健性的显着提高。这里介绍了从种晶的制备和特性到种策略的应用实例，对种技术的系统综述。首先，结合应用实例说明和讨论了种子策略对二次成核的调整目的的依赖性。接下来，讨论了特定目标的晶种结晶，例如注油系统，手性拆分和管状结晶过程。最后，提出了进一步研究晶种结晶的机会。