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A New “Business as Usual” Climate Scenario and the Stress Response of the Caribbean Coral Montastraea cavernosa
Frontiers in Marine Science ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 , DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00728
Michael P. Lesser , Jessica K. Jarett , Cara L. Fiore , Megan M. Thompson , M. Sabrina Pankey , Keir J. Macartney

The climate change related decline of shallow (<30 m) coral reef ecosystems has been driven by the mortality of scleractinian corals caused primarily by the phenomenon known as “coral bleaching.” But despite pervasive phase shifts and macroalgal dominance on many coral reefs, some coral species have persisted. One of those species is Montastraea cavernosa which has been categorized as resilient to a range of biotic and abiotic stressors. In order to understand the mechanism(s) of resistance in this coral, we present the results of a thermal stress and ocean acidification (OA) experiment on M. cavernosa, both its brown and orange color morphs, representing conditions predicted by the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 6.0 scenario in the year 2100. We assessed the community response of the prokaryotic microbiome, the photophysiological response of the endosymbiotic Symbiodiniaceae and the molecular responses of critical pathways in the host by quantifying transcript abundances of genes encoding fluorescent proteins, heat shock proteins, antioxidant enzymes and regulators of apoptosis. After a 12 d acclimatization experiment, no visible bleaching was observed in any treatment, and the excitation pressure on photosystem II of the symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae showed no effects of the independent or interactive effects of thermal stress and OA, while only minor, but significant, changes in the prokaryotic microbiome were observed when exposed to RCP 6.0 predicted OA conditions. At the end of the experiment, the host heat shock protein 90 showed an increase in transcript abundance under the combined effects of thermal stress and OA compared to high temperatures alone, but these treatment groups were not significantly different from treatments under normal temperatures. While Bax, an activator of apoptosis, was significantly higher under thermal stress alone compared to control samples. Taken together, M. cavernosa, exhibits ecological stability over time and this may be based on its physiological persistence, resistance and resilience when experimentally exposed to the ecologically realistic RCP 6.0 climate model predictions.

中文翻译:

一个新的“一切照旧”气候情景和加勒比珊瑚 Montastraea cavannosa 的压力反应

浅层(<30 m)珊瑚礁生态系统与气候变化相关的衰退是由主要由称为“珊瑚白化”的现象引起的石珊瑚死亡造成的。但是,尽管在许多珊瑚礁上普遍存在相移和大型藻类优势,但一些珊瑚物种仍然存在。其中一个物种是 Montastraea Cavernosa,它被归类为对一系列生物和非生物压力因素具有弹性。为了了解这种珊瑚的抵抗机制,我们展示了对海绵状珊瑚的热应力和海洋酸化 (OA) 实验的结果,它的棕色和橙色形态,代表了代表浓度预测的条件2100 年的 Pathway (RCP) 6.0 情景。我们评估了原核微生物组的社区反应,通过量化编码荧光蛋白、热休克蛋白、抗氧化酶和细胞凋亡调节剂的基因的转录丰度,研究内共生共生菌科的光生理反应和宿主中关键途径的分子反应。经过12 d的驯化实验,在任何处理中均未观察到明显的白化现象,共生共生菌科光系统II的激发压力没有表现出热应激和OA的独立或交互作用的影响,只有轻微但显着的变化当暴露于 RCP 6.0 预测的 OA 条件时,在原核微生物组中观察到。在实验结束时,与单独高温相比,宿主热休克蛋白 90 在热应激和 OA 的联合作用下显示出转录本丰度的增加,但这些处理组与常温处理没有显着差异。而与对照样品相比,Bax 是一种细胞凋亡激活剂,在单独的热应激下显着更高。总而言之,海绵状海绵体随着时间的推移表现出生态稳定性,这可能是基于其生理持久性、抵抗力和恢复力,当实验暴露于生态现实的 RCP 6.0 气候模型预测时。
更新日期:2020-09-16
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