To understand the intricate runoff-sediment relationship in the middle Yellow River basin (MYRB), the Toudaoguai, Longmen, Tongguan and Huayuankou sites in the MYRB were selected to analyze the deterministic equilibrium and uncertainty relations of runoff-sediment based on 55-year hydrological data at multi-time scales. The Johansen test and wavelet neural network were used to verify the cointegration relationship among hydrological series. Runoff-sediment uncertain statistical relations and dynamics in the MYRB were also analyzed based on rating curves and hysteresis loops. The results showed that the logarithmic sequences of sediment load (SL), runoff and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) conformed to a linear cointegration relationship at the Toudaoguai station or in spring, winter or under small flow at other stations, but a nonlinear cointegration relationship was observed in other cases at other stations. Regarding runoff-sediment uncertain relationships, the rating curves, and hysteresis loops differed in stations (Toudaoguai and the other stations), as well as discharge (threshold: 1000 m3/s), season (ice-flood and rainy season) and saturation of flow at flood and monthly scales. At the annual scale, phased and unsynchronized characteristics of runoff and sediment load were evident with a decreasing trend. This study on the runoff-sediment relationship can rationally provide a theoretical basis for the management and development of the Yellow River and other similar rivers with sufficient sediment, especially for areas with serious soil erosion.

中文翻译：

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黄河中游不同时间尺度径沙协整及不确定性关系分析

为了解黄河流域（MYRB）中错综复杂的径流沉积关系，选取了MYRB中的头道拐、龙门、潼关和花园口站点，基于55年水文分析了径流沉积的确定性平衡和不确定性关系。多时间尺度的数据。采用Johansen检验和小波神经网络验证水文序列间的协整关系。还根据额定曲线和滞后环分析了 MYRB 中径流沉积物的不确定统计关系和动态。结果表明，头道拐站或春季、冬季或其他站小流量下，含沙量（SL）、径流和悬浮泥沙浓度（SSC）的对数序列符合线性协整关系，但在其他站点的其他情况下观察到非线性协整关系。关于径流泥沙不确定关系，各站（头到拐和其他站）的等级曲线、滞回曲线不同，流量（阈值：1000 m3/s）、季节（冰汛和雨季）和饱和度不同。洪水和月尺度的流量。在年尺度上，径流泥沙负荷的阶段性、非同步性特征明显，呈递减趋势。该径流-泥沙关系的研究可为黄河等泥沙充足的类似河流，特别是水土流失严重地区的治理和发展提供合理的理论依据。关于径流泥沙不确定关系，各站（头到拐和其他站）的等级曲线、滞回曲线不同，流量（阈值：1000 m3/s）、季节（冰汛和雨季）和饱和度不同。洪水和月尺度的流量。在年尺度上，径流泥沙负荷的阶段性、非同步性特征明显，呈递减趋势。该径流-泥沙关系的研究可为黄河等泥沙充足的类似河流，特别是水土流失严重地区的治理和发展提供合理的理论依据。关于径流泥沙不确定关系，各站（头到拐和其他站）的等级曲线、滞回曲线不同，流量（阈值：1000 m3/s）、季节（冰汛和雨季）和饱和度不同。洪水和月尺度的流量。在年尺度上，径流泥沙负荷的阶段性、非同步性特征明显，呈递减趋势。该径流-泥沙关系的研究可为黄河等泥沙充足的类似河流，特别是水土流失严重地区的治理和发展提供合理的理论依据。季节（冰洪水和雨季）以及洪水和月尺度的流量饱和度。在年尺度上，径流泥沙负荷的阶段性、非同步性特征明显，呈递减趋势。该径流-泥沙关系的研究可为黄河等泥沙充足的类似河流，特别是水土流失严重地区的治理和发展提供合理的理论依据。季节（冰洪水和雨季）以及洪水和月尺度的流量饱和度。在年尺度上，径流泥沙负荷的阶段性、非同步性特征明显，呈递减趋势。该径流-泥沙关系的研究可为黄河等泥沙充足的类似河流，特别是水土流失严重地区的治理和发展提供合理的理论依据。