Neurodegenerative diseases are among the most severe problems in aging societies. Various conventional experimental models, including 2D and animal models, have been used to investigate the pathogenesis of (and therapeutic mechanisms for) neurodegenerative diseases. However, the physiological gap between humans and the current models remains a hurdle to determining the complexity of an irreversible dysfunction in a neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, preclinical research requires advanced experimental models, i.e., those more physiologically relevant to the native nervous system, to bridge the gap between preclinical stages and patients. The neural microphysiological system (neural MPS) has emerged as an approach to summarizing the anatomical, biochemical, and pathological physiology of the nervous system for investigation of neurodegenerative diseases. This review introduces the components (such as cells and materials) and fabrication methods for designing a neural MPS. Moreover, the review discusses future perspectives for improving the physiological relevance to native neural systems.

中文翻译：

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中枢神经系统神经退行性疾病的微生理系统。

神经退行性疾病是老龄化社会中最严重的问题之一。包括2D和动物模型在内的各种常规实验模型已用于研究神经退行性疾病的发病机制（以及治疗机制）。然而，人类与当前模型之间的生理差距仍然是确定神经退行性疾病中不可逆功能障碍的复杂性的障碍。因此，临床前研究需要先进的实验模型，即与本地神经系统在生理上更相关的模型，以弥合临床前阶段与患者之间的鸿沟。神经微生理系统（神经MPS）作为一种概述解剖学，生化，神经系统的病理生理学研究神经退行性疾病。这篇综述介绍了用于设计神经MPS的组件（例如细胞和材料）和制造方法。此外，该评论讨论了改善与本地神经系统的生理相关性的未来观点。