Methods of growing plant biomass for the production of biogas in anaerobic digestion plants have a decisive influence on arable land and on the evaluation of biogas plant technologies from the environmental point of view. The main benefit of anaerobic digestion is the possibility to use various agricultural crops for energy production. Some of these plant species, e.g., legumes, are generally considered to be beneficial for arable soil quality, as compared with maize monocultures with frequently manifested soil degradation and adverse environmental impact on arable land. A possible change is offered by cultivation systems composed of two and more crops and defined as mixed cropping (MC) systems. The systems are characterized by a more efficient utilization of natural resources of the site as well as by a greater potential for arable soil protection. A question remains as to whether the MC system of growing maize and white sweetclover can be used for biogas yield. In the presented research study, a mixed cropping system was tested with maize (Zea mays L.) and white sweetclover (Melilotus albus MED.). The goal of our research was to determine an optimum ratio of maize and white sweetclover (s.c.) shreddings in silage for a biogas plant. For this purpose, model micro-silages of monocultures were prepared: maize (100%), white s.c. (100%), as well as variants with different weight shares of these two crops (maize:white s.c.; 3:7, 1:1, 7:3, 8:2, 8.5:1.5, 9:1). The silages were subjected to biomethanation tests, in order to determine the influence of the increased addition of white s.c. biomass on methane yield and methane concentration in biogas. The highest values of biogas yield were recorded in the maize monoculture and in the MC variant of maize and white s.c. at 9:1 (>0.26 m³/kg_VS). The lowest methane yield values were recorded in the white s.c. monoculture (0.16 m³/kg_VS). It was found out that the yield of methane decreased with an increasing share of white sweetclover in the maize silage, due to the increased content of poorly degradable organic substances and the presence of fermentation inhibitors (e.g., coumarin).

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使用与玉米混合种植的白三叶草生产生物甲烷的可能性

从环境角度来看，在厌氧消化厂中种植植物生物质以生产沼气的方法对耕地和沼气厂技术的评价具有决定性的影响。厌氧消化的主要好处是可以使用各种农作物进行能源生产。与通常表现出土壤退化和对耕地的不利环境影响的玉米单一栽培相比，这些植物物种中的某些，例如豆类，通常被认为有利于耕作土壤质量。由两种或更多种农作物组成的耕作系统（定义为混合作物（MC）系统）提供了可能的更改。该系统的特点是可以更有效地利用场地的自然资源，并具有更大的耕地土壤保护潜力。关于玉米生长和白三叶草的MC系统是否可用于沼气产量，仍然存在一个问题。在本研究报告中，对混合种植系统与玉米（玉米（Zea mays L.）和白三叶草（Melilotus albus MED。）。我们研究的目标是确定沼气厂青贮饲料中玉米和白三叶草（sc）切碎的最佳比例。为此，准备了单培养的模型微青贮饲料：玉米（100％），白皮（100％）以及这两种农作物具有不同重量比的变体（玉米：白皮； 3：7、1： 1、7：3、8：2、8.5：1.5、9：1）。将青贮饲料进行生物甲烷化测试，以确定增加的白皮生物质对沼气中甲烷产率和甲烷浓度的影响。在玉米单培养中以及在玉米和白皮麦的MC变种中，沼气产量的最高值达到9：1（> 0.26 m ³ / kg _VS）。在白色sc单培养中记录了最低的甲烷产量值（0.16 m ³ / kg _VS）。结果发现，由于可降解有机物含量的增加和发酵抑制剂（例如香豆素）的存在，甲烷的产量随着玉米青贮饲料中白色甜三叶草含量的增加而降低。