Abstract

Bee products produced in environments with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may be contaminated by these compounds. Propolis usually consists of beeswax, resins, water, inorganic and phenolic substances, and essential oils. Although there are some studies on the detection of POPs in honey and some bee products, these are quite limited. Because propolis is a botanical-based and highly complex matrix, and thus difficult to analyze, a reliable and selective method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the propolis. All analytes were extracted with acetonitrile and centrifuged for 10 min at 4000 rpm and 6 °C in a refrigerated centrifuge. The samples were filtered using a homemade SPE cartridge containing C18, primary-secondary amine, and magnesium sulfate. The residue collected with acetonitrile was subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The proposed method was validated according to the Eurachem guidelines and applied directly to the collected propolis samples. The results show that the method may be used successfully in residue monitoring laboratories for the determination of OCPs, PCBs and PBDEs in propolis.

摘要

在含有持久性有机污染物（POPs）的环境中生产的蜂产品可能会被这些化合物污染。蜂胶通常由蜂蜡，树脂，水，无机和酚类物质以及精油组成。尽管有一些关于蜂蜜和蜂产品中持久性有机污染物的检测的研究，但这些研究非常有限。由于蜂胶是基于植物的且高度复杂的基质，因此难以分析，因此开发了一种基于固相萃取（SPE）结合气相色谱-质谱联用的可靠且选择性的方法来测定有机氯农药（OCP） ，蜂胶中的多氯联苯（PCB）和多溴联苯醚（PBDE）。用乙腈萃取所有分析物，并在冷藏离心机中以4000 rpm和6°C的速度离心10分钟。使用包含C18，伯-仲胺和硫酸镁的自制SPE滤芯过滤样品。乙腈收集的残留物随后通过气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）进行分析。所提出的方法已根据Eurachem指南进行了验证，并直接应用于收集的蜂胶样品。结果表明，该方法可成功用于残留监测实验室中蜂胶中OCP，PCBs和PBDEs的测定。所提出的方法已根据Eurachem指南进行了验证，并直接应用于收集的蜂胶样品。结果表明，该方法可成功用于残留监测实验室中蜂胶中OCP，PCBs和PBDEs的测定。所提出的方法已根据Eurachem指南进行了验证，并直接应用于收集的蜂胶样品。结果表明，该方法可成功用于残留监测实验室中蜂胶中OCP，PCBs和PBDEs的测定。