The role by which the gut microbiome influences host health (e.g., energy equilibrium and immune system) may be partly mediated by short-chain fatty acids, which are bacterial fermentation products from the dietary fibers. However, little is known about longitudinal changes in gut microbiome metabolites during cohabitation alongside social contact. In common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), the gut microbiome community is influenced by social contact, as newly paired males and females develop convergent microbial profiles. Here, we monitored the dynamics of short-chain fatty acid concentrations in common marmoset feces from the prepairing (PRE) to postpairing (POST) stages. In males, we observed that the concentrations of acetate, propionate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate significantly increased in the POST stage compared to the PRE stage. However, no significant changes were found in females. We further found that the propionate concentration was significantly positively correlated with the abundance of Phascolarctobacterium in the male feces. Thus, the sex difference in the changes in the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids might be related to sex-biased gut microbiome transmission after pairing. We suggest that the significant changes in the gut microbiomes and some short-chain fatty acids of the common marmoset during cohabitation may contribute to physiological homeostasis during pairing.

中文翻译：

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新配对的雄性狨猴（Callithrix jacchus）的粪便短链脂肪酸浓度增加。

肠道微生物群影响宿主健康（例如能量平衡和免疫系统）的作用可能部分由短链脂肪酸介导，短链脂肪酸是膳食纤维的细菌发酵产物。然而，人们对同居和社会接触期间肠道微生物组代谢物的纵向变化知之甚少。在普通狨猴（Callithrix jacchus)，肠道微生物群落受到社会接触的影响，因为新配对的雄性和雌性会发展出趋同的微生物特征。在这里，我们监测了从配对 (PRE) 到配对 (POST) 阶段的普通狨猴粪便中短链脂肪酸浓度的动态变化。在雄性中，我们观察到与 PRE 阶段相比，POST 阶段的乙酸盐、丙酸盐、异丁酸盐和异戊酸盐的浓度显着增加。然而，在女性中没有发现显着变化。我们进一步发现丙酸浓度与嗜酸乳杆菌的丰度呈显着正相关。在男性粪便中。因此，短链脂肪酸浓度变化的性别差异可能与配对后的性别偏见肠道微生物群传播有关。我们认为，同居期间肠道微生物组和普通狨猴的一些短链脂肪酸的显着变化可能有助于配对期间的生理稳态。