In the oceans, viruses that infect bacteria (phages) influence a variety of microbially mediated processes that drive global biogeochemical cycles. The nature of their influence is dependent upon infection mode, be it lytic or lysogenic. Temperate phages are predicted to be prevalent in marine systems where they are expected to execute both types of infection modes. Understanding the range and outcomes of temperate phage–host interactions is fundamental for evaluating their ecological impact. Here, we (i) review phage‐mediated rewiring of host metabolism, with a focus on marine systems, (ii) consider the range and nature of temperate phage–host interactions, and (iii) draw on studies of cultivated model systems to examine the consequences of lysogeny among several dominant marine bacterial lineages. We also readdress the prevalence of lysogeny among marine bacteria by probing a collection of 1239 publicly available bacterial genomes, representing cultured and uncultivated strains, for evidence of complete prophages. Our conservative analysis, anticipated to underestimate true prevalence, predicts 18% of the genomes examined contain at least one prophage, the majority (97%) were found within genomes of cultured isolates. These results highlight the need for cultivation of additional model systems to better capture the diversity of temperate phage–host interactions in the oceans.

中文翻译：

---

海洋中的溶源性：从培养的模型系统中汲取的经验教训及其再度流行。

在海洋中，感染细菌（噬菌体）的病毒会影响各种微生物介导的过程，这些过程会驱动全球生物地球化学循环。它们影响的性质取决于感染模式，无论是溶菌性还是溶原性的。温带噬菌体在海洋系统中普遍存在，预计它们会执行两种类型的感染模式。了解温和噬菌体-宿主相互作用的范围和结果对于评估其生态影响至关重要。在这里，我们（i）审查了噬菌体介导的宿主代谢的重新连接，重点是海洋系统；（ii）考虑了温和噬菌体与宿主相互作用的范围和性质，以及（iii）利用培养的模型系统研究来检验在几个主要的海洋细菌谱系中溶菌作用的后果。我们还通过探查代表已培养和未培养菌株的1239个可公开获得的细菌基因组的集合来寻找完整的噬菌体，从而解决了海洋细菌中溶源性的普遍性。我们的保守分析预计会低估真实的患病率，它预测18％的被检查基因组包含至少一个噬菌体，大多数（97％）被发现在培养分离株的基因组中。这些结果表明，需要培育更多的模型系统，以更好地捕捉海洋中温带噬菌体与宿主相互作用的多样性。据预测，所检查的基因组中有18％包含至少一个噬菌体，大多数（97％）发现于培养的分离株的基因组中。这些结果表明，需要培育更多的模型系统，以更好地捕捉海洋中温带噬菌体与宿主相互作用的多样性。据预测，被检查的基因组中有18％至少含有一种噬菌体，其中大多数（97％）发现在培养的分离株的基因组中。这些结果表明，需要培育更多的模型系统，以更好地捕捉海洋中温带噬菌体与宿主相互作用的多样性。