Abstract The present work focuses on comparing the ability of different constitutive formulations to model the deformation of fresh pork bellies during handling operations. A computed tomography (CT) scan is initially performed when the belly is lying on a curved substrate, in order to obtain its 3D geometry. Then, based on the assumption of homogenous material behavior, a finite element model is developed and used to simulate the deformation to a flat configuration at which the belly should be trimmed. The simulations are run considering three different constitutive formulations: (i) pure linear elastic, (ii) Ogden hyper-elastic and (iii) hyper-visco-elastic, whose parameters are calibrated by means of uniaxial compression and viscosity tests. The accuracy of each formulation is evaluated by comparing the deformed shape of the belly as predicted by the model to that reconstructed from a CT scan taken with the belly in the flat configuration. Furthermore, the strains inside the belly are estimated with digital volume correlation and compared to the numerical counterpart. It is found that a significant increase in accuracy is achieved by replacing the simple linear elastic formulation with the hyper-elastic one. Conversely, the gain associated with the further transition to a hyper-visco-elastic formulation is less pronounced and might not justify the corresponding increase in computational complexity.

中文翻译：

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模拟新鲜猪肚的变形：不同组成配方的定量比较

摘要 目前的工作重点是比较不同组成配方在处理操作过程中模拟新鲜五花肉变形的能力。计算机断层扫描 (CT) 扫描最初是在腹部躺在弯曲的基底上时进行的，以获得其 3D 几何形状。然后，基于均质材料行为的假设，开发了一个有限元模型并用于模拟变形为平坦构造，在该构造中应修剪腹部。模拟运行时考虑了三种不同的本构公式：(i) 纯线性弹性，(ii) Ogden 超弹性和 (iii) 超粘弹性，其参数通过单轴压缩和粘度测试进行校准。通过将模型预测的腹部变形形状与从腹部平坦构造进行的 CT 扫描重建的形状进行比较来评估每个公式的准确性。此外，腹部内的应变通过数字体积相关性进行估计，并与数字对应物进行比较。发现通过用超弹性公式替换简单的线性弹性公式可以显着提高准确性。相反，与进一步过渡到超粘弹性公式相关的增益不太明显，并且可能无法证明计算复杂性的相应增加是合理的。腹部内的应变通过数字体积相关性进行估计，并与数字对应物进行比较。发现通过用超弹性公式替换简单的线性弹性公式可以显着提高准确性。相反，与进一步过渡到超粘弹性公式相关的增益不太明显，并且可能无法证明计算复杂性的相应增加是合理的。腹部内的应变通过数字体积相关性进行估计，并与数字对应物进行比较。发现通过用超弹性公式替换简单的线性弹性公式可以显着提高精度。相反，与进一步过渡到超粘弹性公式相关的增益不太明显，并且可能无法证明计算复杂性的相应增加是合理的。