Abstract The Torre Alfina medium enthalpy geothermal field is located about 10 km north of the Bolsena caldera (Italy). The reservoir is a buried structural high consisting of fractured Meso-Cenozoic carbonate sequences and sealed by clayey flysch successions and Pliocene marine clays. We performed TOUGH2 numerical simulations, testing different model designs based on contrasting conceptual models. Results indicate that deep circulation is forced by the geometry of the reservoir and by the applied T and P gradients. We interpret the Torre Alfina field as a "blind" system, mostly recharged by lateral advection of heat and fluids from the Bolsena caldera deep high-enthalpy system, through the permeable caldera faults.

中文翻译：

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火山口环境中的地热流体循环：Torre Alfina 中焓系统（意大利）

摘要 Torre Alfina 中等热焓地热田位于 Bolsena 火山口（意大利）以北约 10 公里处。该储层是一个由断裂的中新生代碳酸盐岩层序组成的埋藏构造高位，被粘土复理石层序和上新世海相粘土封闭。我们进行了 TOUGH2 数值模拟，测试基于对比概念模型的不同模型设计。结果表明深循环是由储层的几何形状和应用的 T 和 P 梯度迫使的。我们将 Torre Alfina 油田解释为一个“盲”系统，主要通过来自 Bolsena 火山口深部高焓系统的热量和流体的横向平流补给，通过可渗透的火山口断层。