Current thinking about human memory is dominated by distinctions between episodic and semantic memory and between short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM). However, many memory phenomena seem to cut across these distinctions. This article attempts to set the groundwork for the issues that need to be resolved in generating an integrated model of long-term memory that incorporates semantic, episodic, and short-term memory. We contrast Nairne's (2002, Annual Review of Psychology) consensus account of short-term memory with a relatively generic theory of an integrated episodic-semantic memory. The later consists primarily of a list of principles which we and others argue are necessary to include in any theory of long-term memory. We then add some more specific assumptions to outline a modern theory of forgetting. We then turn to the issue of much of the phenomena thought to necessitate a dedicated short-term memory can be explained by an integrated theory of episodic and semantic memory. Our conclusion is that an integrated theory of long-term memory must be augmented to explain a small number of outstanding memory phenomena. Finally, we ask whether the augmentation needs to involve a dedicated mnemonic system, or sensory or language-based systems, which also have mnemonic capabilities.

中文翻译：

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用长期记忆的综合情节/语义框架解释短期记忆现象

当前对人类记忆的思考主要由情景记忆和语义记忆之间以及短期记忆 (STM) 和长期记忆 (LTM) 之间的区别所主导。然而，许多记忆现象似乎跨越了这些区别。本文试图为在生成包含语义、情景和短期记忆的长期记忆集成模型时需要解决的问题奠定基础。我们将 Nairne（2002 年，心理学年度评论）对短期记忆的共识解释与相对通用的情景语义记忆整合理论进行了对比。后者主要包括一系列原则，我们和其他人认为这些原则对于任何长期记忆理论都是必要的。然后我们添加一些更具体的假设来概述现代遗忘理论。然后我们转向许多被认为需要专门的短期记忆的现象的问题，可以通过情节和语义记忆的综合理论来解释。我们的结论是，必须扩充长期记忆的综合理论来解释少数杰出的记忆现象。最后，我们询问增强是否需要涉及专用的助记系统，或基于感官或语言的系统，这些系统也具有助记功能。