Brazil has a pronounced complexity in coastal region, which affects the restingas’ diversity patterns. Therefore, we reviewed and systematized the knowledge about the attributes influencing the characterization and, eventually, the biases in the identification of restingas’ diversity patterns, mainly focusing in the Brazilian North and Northeast regions. Coastal geomorphology is one of the key attributes contributing to this complexity, acting as an environmental filter for the colonization of plant species. According to the standard classification, the Brazilian coast can be divided into five regions (North, Northeast, East, Southeast, and South). Another relevant attribute is phytophysiognomies, characterized by the collective characteristics of vegetation in a region, and for which exists six different classifications. The one proposed by Silva and Britez (2005) presents the best trade-off between specificity and generality by allowing both adequate local characterization and systematization for regional comparisons. Despite the length of the North and Northeast coast of Brazil, only 44 studies were conducted in these regions. The sampled areas were typically close to the state capitals, showing that logistical factors interfere with the selection of study areas. Besides, almost half of the studies omitted essential information such as the total area and sampling time, making it challenging to assess sample sufficiency and reproducibility. Another observed bias was a higher species richness in studies that partially or entirely used herbarium data. These gaps and biases on information constrain the ecological synthesis of restinga’ biodiversity patterns, mainly in larger spatial scales than those in which individual studies were conducted.

中文翻译：

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巴西北部和北部 Restinga 的要点：地貌特征、植物地貌分类和研究趋势回顾

巴西在沿海地区具有明显的复杂性，这影响了restingas 的多样性模式。因此，我们回顾并系统化了有关影响特征的属性的知识，并最终确定了restingas 多样性模式的偏差，主要集中在巴西北部和东北地区。沿海地貌是造成这种复杂性的关键属性之一，它充当植物物种定殖的环境过滤器。根据标准分类，巴西海岸可分为五个区域（北部、东北部、东部、东南部和南部）。另一个相关的属性是植物地貌，其特征在于一个地区植被的集体特征，并且存在六种不同的分类。Silva 和 Britez (2005) 提出的方法通过允许充分的本地特征和区域比较的系统化，在特殊性和普遍性之间实现了最佳权衡。尽管巴西北部和东北海岸很长，但在这些地区只进行了 44 项研究。抽样区域通常靠近州首府，表明后勤因素干扰了研究区域的选择。此外，几乎一半的研究省略了基本信息，例如总面积和采样时间，这使得评估样本充足性和可重复性变得具有挑战性。另一个观察到的偏差是在部分或完全使用植物标本馆数据的研究中物种丰富度更高。这些信息上的差距和偏见限制了 restinga 生物多样性模式的生态综合，