The properties of the root system are especially important under drought, which is currently the most significant climate threat worldwide. The aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between the root system development and vernalization requirements under contrasting irrigation conditions in bread wheat using lines with alien introgressions. A set of single chromosome substitution lines Chinese Spring (Synthetic 6x, AABBDD) and D-genome derived introgression lines were used to study the relationships. It was found that 1A substitution resulted in a substantial reduction of root length and weight while 5D substitution, on the contrary, led to a significant increase compared to the recipient and the donor under both irrigation regimes. The greatest root weight, root length, and number of days to flowering were detected in the lines carrying a common introgression fragment of the 5D chromosome connected with the molecular marker Xgwm292 and the Vrn-D1 gene. The lines with the introgression in this region had a significantly larger root length and weight compared with the recipient and donor under all conditions of irrigation. The combination of prolonged vernalization and drought negatively affected the development of roots in all lines with the most pronounced effect on root weight. With the use of monosomic analysis, it was shown that the Vrn-A1 gene has a substantial reducing effect on the root length and weight. The revealed relationship between the flowering time and root system development can be used for breeding of wheat cultivars more adapted for growing in arid conditions.

中文翻译：

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对比灌溉下面包小麦品系根系发育与春化的关系与合成六倍体基因渗入

根系的特性在干旱下尤为重要，干旱是目前全球最严重的气候威胁。这项工作的目的是使用具有外来基因渗入的品系研究面包小麦在对比灌溉条件下根系发育和春化需求之间的关系。一组单染色体替代品系Chinese Spring (Synthetic 6x, AABBDD) 和D-基因组来源的基因渗入品系被用于研究这种关系。结果发现，在两种灌溉方式下，1A 替代导致根长和重量的显着减少，而 5D 替代则相反，导致与受体和供体相比显着增加。最大根重、根长、在携带与分子标记 Xgwm292 和 Vrn-D1 基因相连的 5D 染色体的共同基因渗入片段的品系中检测到开花的天数和天数。在所有灌溉条件下，与受体和供体相比，在该区域具有基因渗入的系具有显着更大的根长度和重量。延长春化和干旱的结合对所有品系的根系发育产生负面影响，对根系重量的影响最为显着。使用单体分析表明，Vrn-A1 基因对根长和重量有显着的降低作用。开花时间与根系发育之间所揭示的关系可用于培育更适合在干旱条件下生长的小麦品种。