This review evaluates the importance of plants and associated biological processes in determining the vulnerability of coastal wetlands to sea-level rise. Coastal wetlands occur across a broad sedimentary continuum from minerogenic to biogenic, providing an opportunity to examine the relative importance of biological processes in wetland resilience to sea-level rise. We explore how plants influence sediment accretion, elevation capital (vertical position in the tidal frame), and compaction or erosion of deposited material. We focus on salt marsh and mangrove wetlands, which occupy a similar physiographic niche and display similar physical and biological controls on resilience to sea-level rise. In both habitats, plants stabilize emergent mudflats and help sustain the wetland position in the tidal frame relative to ocean height through both surface and subsurface process controls on soil elevation. Plants influence soil elevations by modifying (1) mineral sediment deposition and retention, (2) organic matter contributions to soil volume, and (3) resistance to compaction and erosion. Recognition of the importance of plants in coastal wetland resilience to sea-level rise is key to accurate predictions about the future fate of salt marshes and mangrove forests and for development of effective management and restoration plans.

这篇综述评估了植物和相关生物过程在确定沿海湿地对海平面上升的脆弱性方面的重要性。沿海湿地遍及从成矿到生物成因的广泛沉积连续体，这提供了一个机会来研究生物过程在湿地复原力对海平面上升中的相对重要性。我们探讨了植物如何影响沉积物的积聚，高程资本（潮汐框架中的垂直位置）以及沉积物的压实或侵蚀。我们专注于盐沼和红树林湿地，它们占据着相似的生态位，并且在应对海平面上升的适应性方面表现出相似的物理和生物控制。在两个生境中 通过对土壤海拔的表层和地下过程控制，植物可以稳定出现的滩涂并帮助维持潮汐框架中湿地相对于海洋高度的位置。植物通过改变（1）矿物沉积物的沉积和保留，（2）有机物对土壤体积的贡献以及（3）对压实和侵蚀的抵抗力来影响土壤海拔。认识到沿海湿地植物抗逆能力对海平面上升的重要性，对于准确预测盐沼和红树林的未来命运以及制定有效的管理和恢复计划至关重要。