Abstract

Interlaminar astrocytes (ILAs) are a subset of cortical astrocytes that reside in layer I, express GFAP, have a soma contacting the pia, and contain long interlaminar processes that extend through several cortical layers. We studied the prenatal and postnatal development of ILAs in three species of primates (rhesus macaque, chimpanzee, and human). We found that ILAs are generated prenatally likely from radial glial (RG) cells, that ILAs proliferate locally during gestation, and that ILAs extend interlaminar processes during postnatal stages of development. We showed that the density and morphological complexity of ILAs increase with age, and that ILAs express multiple markers that are expressed by RG cells (Pax6, Sox2, and Nestin), specific to inner and outer RG cells (Cryab and Hopx), and astrocyte markers (S100β, Aqp4, and GLAST) in prenatal stages and in adult. Finally, we demonstrated that rudimentary ILAs in mouse also express the RG markers Pax6, Sox2, and Nestin, but do not express S100β, Cryab, or Hopx, and that the density and morphological complexity of ILAs differ between primate species and mouse. Together these findings contribute new information on astrogenesis of this unique class of cells and suggest a lineal relationship between RG cells and ILAs.

中文翻译：

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皮质层间星形胶质细胞在产前产生，在产后成熟，并在人类和非人类灵长类动物中表达独特的标记。

摘要

层间星形胶质细胞 (ILAs) 是位于 I 层的皮质星形胶质细胞的一个子集，表达 GFAP，具有与软脑膜接触的胞体，并包含延伸穿过多个皮质层的长层间突起。我们研究了三种灵长类动物（恒河猴、黑猩猩和人类）中 ILA 的产前和产后发育。我们发现 ILA 可能在产前由放射状神经胶质 (RG) 细胞产生，ILA 在妊娠期间局部增殖，并且 ILA 在出生后发育阶段扩展了层间过程。我们发现 ILA 的密度和形态复杂性随着年龄的增长而增加，并且 ILA 表达由 RG 细胞（Pax6、Sox2 和 Nestin）表达的多种标志物，特异于内部和外部 RG 细胞（Cryab 和 Hopx）和星形胶质细胞标记物（S100β、Aqp4、和 GLAST）在产前阶段和成人。最后，我们证明小鼠中的基本 ILA 也表达 RG 标记 Pax6、Sox2 和 Nestin，但不表达 S100β、Cryab 或 Hopx，并且 ILA 的密度和形态复杂性在灵长类物种和小鼠之间存在差异。这些发现共同为这一独特细胞类别的天体发生提供了新的信息，并提出了 RG 细胞和 ILA 之间的线性关系。