Babesia divergens, transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus, is the most common cause of bovine babesiosis in northern Europe and plays a role as a zoonotic pathogen. However, several studies have indicated a decline of B. divergens prevalence in Europe during the last decades. Here, we investigate the epidemiology of bovine babesiosis on a beef production farm in northern Germany, which had not been affected by babesiosis until an initial outbreak in 2018. In June 2018, 21 adult cattle died, showing classical symptoms of babesiosis. Babesia divergens merozoites were detected in blood smears of clinically affected animals and the species was confirmed by PCR and sequencing of a part of the 18S rRNA gene. In 2018, screening of the farm's entire stock by PCR revealed that Babesia-positive animals were present in only one of five herds grazing on different pastures. In the following year, further babesiosis cases occurred in multiple herds. In March 2020, 95 cattle were tested for anti-B. divergens antibodies and 36 of them (37.89%) had positive titres. To investigate the local Babesia prevalence in ticks, 1,430 questing I. ricinus ticks (555 larvae, 648 nymphs, 227 adults) were collected on the farm's pastures and subjected to PCR for Babesia detection. Babesia divergens DNA could not be detected, but Babesia microti showed an overall prevalence of 0.49% (7/1,430; 0.88% [2/227] of adult ticks, 0.77% [5/648] of nymphs, 0.00% [0/555] of larvae). Babesia venatorum was detected in 0.42% (6/1,430) of ticks (0.44% [1/227] of adult ticks, 0.77% [5/648] of nymphs, 0.00% [0/555] of larvae) and B. capreoli in 0.07% (1/1,430) of ticks (0.00% [0/227] of adult ticks, 0.15% [1/648] of nymphs, 0.00% [0/555] of larvae). Despite the fact that no B. divergens-positive ticks were found, the collected data suggest a geographical spread of the pathogen on the farm. Bovine babesiosis remains a disease of veterinary importance in Europe and may cause considerable economic losses when (re-)emerging in non-endemic areas, especially as awareness for the disease among veterinarians and farmers declines.

巴氏杆菌，由刻度线传输 蓖麻，是北欧人最常见的牛杆状杆菌病病因，并起人畜共患病原体的作用。但是，一些研究表明芽孢杆菌最近几十年来在欧洲流行。在这里，我们调查了德国北部牛肉生产农场的牛杆状杆菌病的流行病学，直到2018年首次爆发该疫情才受到杆状杆菌病的影响。2018年6月，有21头成年牛死亡，表现出杆状杆菌病的典型症状。巴氏杆菌在受临床影响的动物的血液涂片中检测到裂殖子，通过PCR和部分18S rRNA基因的测序确认了该种。在2018年，通过PCR对农场的全部存货进行筛选后发现：巴贝斯虫在不同牧场上放牧的五只牛群中，只有一只是阳性动物。在第二年，多头牛又发生了鸡杆虫病病例。2020年3月，对95头牛进行了抗芽孢杆菌抗体，其中36抗体（37.89％）呈阳性。调查当地巴贝斯虫 tick虫流行，1,430询问 蓖麻 在农场的牧场上收集了s（555幼虫，648若虫，227只成年），并进行了PCR检测。 巴贝斯虫 检测。 巴氏杆菌 无法检测到DNA，但是 小巴贝虫 总体流行率为0.49％（7/430；成年s的0.88％[2/227]，若虫的0.77％[5/648]，幼虫的0.00％[0/555]）。 巴贝斯虫 在0.42％（6 / 1,430）的s中检出（成年s的0.44％[1/227]，若虫的0.77％[5/648]，幼虫的0.00％[0/555]）， 辣椒以0.07％（1 / 1,430）的s为单位（成年s的0.00％[0/227]，若虫的0.15％[1/648]，幼虫的0.00％[0/555]）。尽管事实上没有芽孢杆菌发现阳性tick，收集到的数据表明病原体在农场中的地理分布。在欧洲，牛杆状杆菌病仍然是具有兽医重要性的疾病，当在非流行地区再次出现时，可能会造成可观的经济损失，尤其是随着兽医和农民对该病的认识下降。