Recovery of listed species requires that land managers and research biologists work together to address the factors affecting population stability and growth. In Florida, an essential factor affecting rare species habitat quality and restoration is fire management. Fire plays an essential role in restoring and maintaining almost every upland ecosystem in Florida, but fires also have negative effects (e.g., mortality and displacement) that play out today within an altered landscape where rare species are often limited to small, fragmented areas and negative effects may be accentuated. Fire effects also are complex, not well studied experimentally, and likely to change as urbanization and global temperatures increase over coming decades. These conditions can create missteps in both fire research and fire management without regular communication between scientists and practitioners. We assessed the fire-related research associated with four federally listed birds in Florida: Cape Sable seaside sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis), Florida grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum floridanus), Florida scrub-jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens), and red-cockaded woodpecker (Dryobates borealis). Fire research has not addressed the needs of some of these species for starkly different reasons. Land managers, in turn, have not successfully applied the recommendations of fire research in other instances. Our results point to fire frequency as an important focus for practitioners managing habitat for rare species in Florida. Our review also suggests that successful integration of research and management will be best served when (1) ecological burning practices are used, (2) local fire management goals are prioritized annually, (3) instructional products are developed for managers, (4) land manager tenure is promoted, (5) stakeholders meet regularly, and (6) creative solutions are devised to overcome staff and equipment shortages.

中文翻译：

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解读烟雾信号：四种联邦列入鸟类的火灾生态学和土地管理

恢复列入清单的物种需要土地管理者和研究生物学家共同努力解决影响种群稳定性和增长的因素。在佛罗里达州，影响稀有物种栖息地质量和恢复的一个重要因素是火灾管理。火在恢复和维持佛罗里达州几乎每个高地生态系统方面都发挥着至关重要的作用，但火也有负面影响（例如，死亡和流离失所），如今在已改变的景观中发挥作用，其中稀有物种通常仅限于小而分散的地区和负面影响。效果可能会更加突出。火灾影响也很复杂，没有经过充分的实验研究，并且可能会随着未来几十年城市化和全球气温升高而发生变化。如果科学家和从业者之间没有定期沟通，这些条件可能会导致火灾研究和火灾管理的失误。我们评估了与佛罗里达州四只联邦列入名单的鸟类相关的火灾相关研究：黑斑海雀 (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis)、佛罗里达蚱蜢麻雀 (Ammodramus savannarum floridanus)、佛罗里达丛林鸦 (Aphelocoma coerulescens) 和红冠啄木鸟 ( Dryobates borealis)。由于截然不同的原因，火灾研究并没有解决其中一些物种的需求。反过来，土地管理者并没有在其他情况下成功地应用火灾研究的建议。我们的结果表明，火灾频率是佛罗里达州管理稀有物种栖息地的从业者的一个重要关注点。