Four marine sediment cores from two sites in the Independence Fjord system near the Wandel Sea in eastern North Greenland were analyzed for their dinoflagellate cyst (dinocyst) and foraminiferal fossil content to gain insight into the water mass properties and evolution of the outer fjord system over the Holocene and Last Glacial Period. While regarded as a climate-sensitive region, the climatic history of the area remains largely unknown and has been documented through the study of two composite marine sediment cores only once before. The results presented here reveal that Atlantic waters entered the Independence Fjord episodically during the studied interval. High concentrations of dinocysts and foraminifers in the upper few centimeters of the cores are in line with oceanographic measurements clearly illustrating that Atlantic-sourced waters make up the lower part of the water column in the area in modern times. Radiocarbon dating of foraminiferal tests and increasing microfossil concentrations and diversity toward the top of the cores suggest that this inflow has been occurring for at least 2,000 years and intensified toward recent times. The core sections below the upper few centimeters are devoid of (Quaternary) dinocysts and calcareous foraminifera with the exception of the lowermost segments of the longer cores. While low foraminiferal test quantities in these lowermost core sections prevent precise age determination, their radiocarbon ages reveal that they were deposited prior to 30,000 years ago, indicating the existence of a pathway for the occasional intrusion of Atlantic-sourced waters into, and thus relatively small local ice caps around, the fjord system prior to the Last Glacial Maximum. The previously documented early Holocene inflow of Atlantic-sourced waters was not detected in our records, likely suggesting a strong topographical and deglacial control on the routing of these water masses during the early Holocene.

分析了北格陵兰岛东部旺德尔海附近独立峡湾系统中两个地点的四个海洋沉积物核心的鞭毛藻囊（恐龙囊）和有孔虫化石含量，以了解水质特征和整个峡湾外峡湾系统的演化。全新世与末次冰河时期。虽然被视为气候敏感地区，但该地区的气候历史仍是未知之数，并且之前对两个复合海洋沉积物芯的研究仅记录了一次。此处显示的结果表明，在研究的间隔期间，大西洋水域进入了独立峡湾。岩心上部几厘米处高浓度的藻囊和有孔虫与海洋学测量结果一致，清楚地表明，近代大西洋水源构成了该地区水柱的下部。有孔虫试验的放射性碳测年以及朝向岩心顶部的微化石浓度和多样性的增加表明，这种流入至少已经发生了2000年，并且在近代以来加剧了。上方几厘米以下的核心部分没有（第四纪）恐龙囊和钙质有孔虫，但较长核心的最下部除外。虽然这些最低层核心部分的有孔虫测试量低，无法准确确定年龄，但其放射性碳年龄显示它们是在30年前沉积的，000年前，这表明存在一条通道，偶尔会有大西洋来源的水侵入到最后冰川期之前的峡湾系统，因此周围的局部冰盖相对较小。在我们的记录中未检测到先前记录的大西洋源水的全新世早期流入，这可能表明在全新世早期对这些水团的路径进行了强有力的地形和冰期控制。