Research efforts focusing on better understanding and capture of mortality progression over the time are considered to be of significant interest in the field of demography. On a demographic basis, mortality can be expressed by different physical parameters. The main objective of this study is the assessment and mapping of four such parameters at the European scale, during the time period 1993–2013. Infant mortality (parameter θ), population aging (parameter ξ), and individual and population mortality due to unexpected exogenous factors/events (parameter κ and λ, respectively) are represented from these parameters. Given that their estimation is based on demographics by age and cause of death, and in order to be examined and visualized by gender, time-specific mortality and population demographic data with respect to gender, age, and cause of death was used. The resulting maps present the spatial patterns of the estimated parameters as well as their variations over the examined period for both male and female populations of 22 European countries in all.

中文翻译：

---

欧洲尺度上与人类死亡率相关的参数的时空变化的评估和绘图

人们认为，致力于更好地了解和掌握一段时间内的死亡率进展的研究工作在人口统计学领域具有重大意义。在人口基础上，死亡率可以通过不同的物理参数表示。这项研究的主要目标是在1993-2013年期间在欧洲范围内评估和绘制四个这样的参数。婴儿死亡率（参数θ），人口老龄化（参数ξ）以及由于意外外生因素/事件（参数κ和λ）导致的个人和人口死亡率分别从这些参数表示。鉴于他们的估算基于年龄和死亡原因的人口统计数据，并且为了按性别进行检查和可视化，使用了按时间划分的死亡率和有关性别，年龄和死亡原因的人口统计数据。生成的地图显示了在22个欧洲国家的男性和女性人口中，估计参数的空间格局及其在整个调查期间的变化。