Novel natural products have traditionally been sourced from culturable soil microorganisms, whereas marine sources have been less explored. The purpose of this study was to profile the microbial biosynthetic potential in coastal surface seawater and sandy sediment samples and to evaluate the feasibility of capturing this potential using traditional culturing methods. Amplicon sequencing of conserved ketosynthase (KS) and adenylation (AD) domains within polyketide synthase (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes showed that seawater and, in particular, sandy sediment had a high biosynthetic potential with 6,065 and 11,072 KS operational biosynthetic units (OBUs) and 3,292 and 5,691 AD OBUs, respectively, compared to that of four soil samples collected by Charlop-Powers et al. (Z. Charlop-Powers, C. C. Pregitzer, C. Lemetre, M. A. Ternei, et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113:14811–14816, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1615581113) with 7,067 KS and 1,629 AD OBUs. All three niches harbored unique OBUs (P = 0.001 for KS and P = 0.002 for AD by permutational multivariate analysis of variance [PERMANOVA]). The total colonial growth captured 1.9% of KS and 13.6% of AD OBUs from seawater and 2.2% KS and 12.5% AD OBUs from sediment. In a subset of bioactive isolates, only four KS OBUs and one AD OBU were recovered from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of seven seawater-derived strains and one AD OBU from a sediment-derived strain, adding up to 0.028% of the original OBU diversity. Using a pairwise regression model of classified amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) to the species level, and OBUs, we suggest a method to estimate possible links between taxonomy and biosynthetic potential, which indicated that low abundance organisms may hold a disproportional share of the biosynthetic potential. Thus, marine microorganisms are a rich source of novel bioactive potential, which is difficult to access with traditional culturing methods.

中文翻译：

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海洋沉积物具有开发新的生物分类和生物活性细菌多样性的潜力。

传统上，新型天然产物是从可培养的土壤微生物中获取的，而海洋资源却很少被开发。这项研究的目的是剖析沿海地表海水和沙质沉积物样品中的微生物生物合成潜力，并评估使用传统培养方法捕获这种潜力的可行性。聚酮化合物合成酶（PKS）和非核糖体肽合成酶（NRPS）基因中保守的酮合成酶（KS）和腺苷酸化（AD）结构域的扩增子测序表明，海水，特别是沙质沉积物具有很高的生物合成潜力，其中6,065和11,072 KS可用于生物合成分别与Charlop-Powers等人收集的四个土壤样品相比，分别达到了OBU和3,292和5,691 AD OBU。（Z.Charlop-Powers，CC Pregitzer，C.Lemetre，MA Ternei等人，Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113：14811–14816，2016，https：//doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1615581113），带有7,067 KS和1,629 AD OBU。所有这三个利基都有独特的OBU（对于KS和P，P = 0.001通过方差的排列多元分析[PERMANOVA]，AD = 0.002。整个殖民地的增长从海水中捕获了1.9％的KS和13.6％的AD OBU，从沉积物中捕获了2.2％的KS和12.5％的AD OBU。在一部分具有生物活性的分离物中，仅从7个海水来源菌株的全基因组测序（WGS）中回收了4个KS OBU和1个AD OBU，而从沉积物来源的菌株中又回收了1个AD OBU，占原始菌株的0.028％ OBU多样性。我们使用分类的扩增子序列变体（ASV）到物种水平和OBU的成对回归模型，提出了一种估计分类法和生物合成潜能之间可能联系的方法，这表明低丰度生物可能占有生物合成潜能的不成比例份额。因此，海洋微生物是新型生物活性潜力的丰富来源，