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Psychrophilic properties of sulfate‐reducing bacteria in Arctic marine sediments
Limnology and Oceanography ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-15 , DOI: 10.1002/lno.11586
Caroline Scholze 1, 2 , Bo Barker Jørgensen 1 , Hans Røy 1
Affiliation  

Microorganisms in the seabed of most of the global oceans live at temperatures close to zero degrees, and in the polar regions even below. Respiration rates of endogenous sulfate‐reducing microorganisms in the polar seabed, however, are highest in the range of 18–30°C and much reduced at colder temperature. In the past, this was seen as indicative of poor adaptation to their cold habitat. We challenge this interpretation, and tested which temperature range allowed sulfate reducers to grow, by adding moderate amounts of volatile fatty acids to high‐arctic sediment. Initially, sulfate reduction was highest at 27°C in both Svalbard and NE Greenland. But sulfate reduction was not sustainable at this temperature and decreased rapidly over time. Below 26°C, however, sulfate reduction rates increased exponentially over time, indicating growth of sulfate‐reducing microorganisms. We used the increase in the sulfate reduction rates over 4 d to calculate potential growth rates of the endogenous sulfate reducers as function of temperature. From growth rates and respiration rates, we could further calculate the growth yield, also as function of temperature. Highest growth rates were observed at 18°C and growth yields peaked at even lower temperatures between 0°C and 10°C. The maximum growth yield at low temperature revealed a strong psychrophilic adaptation of the sulfate reducers in these Arctic sediments. The fact that growth yield was maximized at in situ temperature but maximum potential growth rate was not, is an indication that yield is the more important parameter for microbial competition in marine sediments.

中文翻译:

北极海洋沉积物中还原硫酸盐细菌的嗜冷特性

大多数全球海洋海床中的微生物生活在接近零度的温度下,甚至在极地以下的极地生活。然而,极地海床中减少内源性硫酸盐的微生物的呼吸速率在18–30°C的范围内最高,而在较冷的温度下则大大降低。在过去,这被视为表明其对寒冷栖息地的适应性较差。我们对这一解释提出挑战,并通过向高弧沉积物中添加适量的挥发性脂肪酸来测试哪个温度范围可使硫酸盐还原剂生长。最初,斯瓦尔巴特群岛和格陵兰东北部的硫酸盐还原量最高,为27°C。但是硫酸盐的还原在该温度下是不可持续的,并且随着时间的流逝迅速降低。但是,在低于26°C的温度下,硫酸盐的还原速率随时间呈指数增长,表明减少硫酸盐的微生物的生长。我们使用硫酸盐还原速率在4天内的增加来计算内源硫酸盐还原剂的潜在增长率与温度的关系。从生长速率和呼吸速率,我们可以进一步计算生长产量,也可以作为温度的函数。在18°C时观察到最高的生长速率,在0°C至10°C的更低温度下,生长产量达到峰值。低温下最大的产量表明这些北极沉积物中硫酸盐还原剂具有强烈的嗜冷适应性。生长产量在原位温度下最大化,而最大潜在增长率却没有,这一事实表明,产量是海洋沉积物中微生物竞争的更重要参数。我们使用硫酸盐还原速率在4天内的增加来计算内源硫酸盐还原剂的潜在增长率与温度的关系。从生长速率和呼吸速率,我们可以进一步计算生长产量,也可以作为温度的函数。在18°C时观察到最高的生长速率,在0°C至10°C的更低温度下,生长产量达到峰值。低温下最大的产量表明这些北极沉积物中硫酸盐还原剂具有强烈的嗜冷适应性。生长产量在原位温度下最大化,而最大潜在增长率没有最大化的事实表明,产量是海洋沉积物中微生物竞争的更重要参数。我们使用硫酸盐还原速率在4天内的增加来计算内源硫酸盐还原剂的潜在增长率与温度的关系。从生长速率和呼吸速率,我们可以进一步计算生长产量,也可以作为温度的函数。在18°C时观察到最高的生长速率,在0°C至10°C的更低温度下,生长产量达到峰值。低温下最大的产量表明这些北极沉积物中硫酸盐还原剂具有强烈的嗜冷适应性。生长产量在原位温度下最大化,而最大潜在增长率却没有,这一事实表明,产量是海洋沉积物中微生物竞争的更重要参数。
更新日期:2020-09-15
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