Longitudinal studies of wildlife are urgently needed in South‐East Asia to understand population responses to the high poaching pressure that characterizes this region. We monitored population trends and habitat use of five heavily poached ungulate species (gaur, sambar, wild pig, red muntjac, and Fea's muntjac) over five years in two protected areas in western Thailand using camera trap surveys. We used single‐season occupancy models to investigate effects of ecological and anthropological variables on ungulate distribution, and multi‐season models to assess occupancy dynamics over time. Occupancy of gaur and sambar was low (<0.25), but concentrated near saltlicks and at low elevations. Wild pig and muntjac occupancies were 3–4 times higher (0.60–0.80). Wild pig occupancy was lower near villages, but this effect dissipated in the final year of the study, coinciding with a purported decrease in poaching. Wild pig occupancy increased significantly, with the probability of colonizing new sites doubling from 0.40 to 0.81 over time. In contrast, occupancy rates of gaur, sambar, and muntjac did not grow, though they were stable. Poaching pressure during the study was low, perhaps allowing populations to stabilize. But only wild pig (the most resilient of the five species) increased. The failure of gaur and sambar to recover might stem from historical overhunting combined with ecological constraints, particularly low saltlick density. Recovery of ungulates (and the carnivores that depend on them) in overhunted South‐East Asian reserves might require intensive interventions, particularly habitat improvement and population augmentation, to achieve conservation objectives.

中文翻译：

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对泰国的有蹄类猎物进行基于占用率的监测表明种群稳定，但恢复有限

东南亚迫切需要对野生动植物进行纵向研究，以了解人口对这一地区特有的高偷猎压力的反应。我们使用相机诱集装置调查了五年来在泰国西部的两个保护区中监测了五种水煮有蹄类动物（高卢，水鹿，野猪，红木犀和费阿木犀）的种群趋势和栖息地使用。我们使用单季节占用模型调查生态和人类学变量对有蹄类动物分布的影响，并使用多季节模型评估随时间变化的占用动态。gaur和水鹿的占有率很低（<0.25），但集中在盐舔附近和低海拔处。野猪和蒙塔克犬的使用率是后者的3-4倍（0.60-0.80）。乡村附近野猪的占有率较低，但是这种效果在研究的最后一年消失了，这与据称偷猎现象减少有关。随着时间的推移，野生猪的占有率显着增加，在新地点定居的可能性从0.40翻倍到0.81。相反，gaur，sambar和muntjac的占用率没有增加，尽管很稳定。研究期间的偷猎压力很低，也许可以使人口稳定下来。但是只有野猪（五个物种中最有弹性的）增加了。gaur和sambar的恢复失败可能是由于历史上的过度追捕加上生态约束，尤其是低盐舔密度。要恢复过度捕捞的东南亚保护区中的有蹄类动物（以及依赖它们的食肉动物），可能需要进行大量干预，特别是改善栖息地和增加种群数量，