This study extracts bright and singular optical solitons to the governing nonlinear Schrödinger's equation along with it's perturbation terms having eleven different nonlinear forms. The sech function and csch function approaches recover these soliton solutions as well as other solutions. These existence criteria for such solitons are also presented.

中文翻译：

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具有奇异形式的非线性折射率的光学孤子摄动

这项研究将明亮的和奇异的光学孤子提取到控制非线性Schrödinger方程，以及具有11种不同非线性形式的扰动项。sech函数和csch函数方法可恢复这些孤子解决方案以及其他解决方案。还介绍了此类孤子的这些存在标准。