Abstract Water supply is becoming an increasingly important aspect of hydrometallurgical operations due to water deficiency. This problem may significantly lessen if the extraction processes can incorporate the usage of saltwater throughout the whole hydrometallurgical operation. In this research, the effect of chloride ion on the chemical degradation of LIX 984N was investigated. It was shown that chloride does not directly degrade LIX 984N. However, it has a catalytic effect on the hydrolysis and nitration of the extractant. The synergic effect of chloride on the extractant degradation through hydrolysis and nitration mechanism was assessed at different acidities and mixing times for up to three months. The presence of chloride ion accelerated the degradation of LIX 984N through both hydrolysis and nitration processes. Additionally, the impact of degradation processes on copper maximum loading, extractant viscosity, copper extraction, impurity entrainment, extraction selectivity, and copper stripping were assessed. The structure of the degraded extractant and its compositional changes was studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Degradation of the extractant resulted in a decrease in maximum copper loading, increasing entrainment of impurities, increasing extractant viscosity, lower copper extraction, and less efficient stripping of copper. Samples degraded in the presence of chloride functioned less efficiently in comparison to samples degraded in the absence of chloride. Moreover, structural changes were more noticeable in samples mixed with an aqueous solution containing chloride.

中文翻译：

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氯离子对LIX 984N萃取剂化学降解的影响

摘要 由于缺水，供水正成为湿法冶金作业中越来越重要的一个方面。如果提取过程可以在整个湿法冶金操作中使用盐水，这个问题可能会显着减少。在本研究中，研究了氯离子对 LIX 984N 化学降解的影响。结果表明，氯化物不会直接降解 LIX 984N。但对萃取剂的水解和硝化有催化作用。在长达三个月的不同酸度和混合时间下，评估了氯化物对通过水解和硝化机制降解萃取剂的协同作用。氯离子的存在加速了 LIX 984N 通过水解和硝化过程的降解。此外，评估了降解过程对铜最大负载量、萃取剂粘度、铜萃取、杂质夹带、萃取选择性和铜剥离的影响。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FT-IR) 和气相色谱-质谱 (GC-MS) 分析法研究了降解萃取剂的结构及其组成变化。萃取剂的降解导致最大铜载量降低、杂质夹带增加、萃取剂粘度增加、铜萃取率降低和铜剥离效率降低。与在不存在氯化物的情况下降解的样品相比，在氯化物存在下降解的样品功能较低。此外，在与含有氯化物的水溶液混合的样品中，结构变化更为明显。