Integrated immunometabolic responses link dietary intake, energy utilization, and storage to immune regulation of tissue function and is therefore essential for the maintenance and restoration of homeostasis. Adipose-resident leukocytes have non-traditional immunological functions that regulate organismal metabolism by controlling insulin action, lipolysis, and mitochondrial respiration to control the usage of substrates for production of heat versus ATP. Energetically expensive vital functions such as immunological responses might have thus evolved to respond accordingly to dietary surplus and deficit of macronutrient intake. Here, we review the interaction of dietary intake of macronutrients and their metabolism with the immune system. We discuss immunometabolic checkpoints that promote healthspan and highlight how dietary fate and regulation of glucose, fat, and protein metabolism might affect immunity.

综合免疫代谢反应将饮食摄入、能量利用和储存与组织功能的免疫调节联系起来，因此对于维持和恢复体内平衡至关重要。脂肪驻留的白细胞具有非传统的免疫功能，通过控制胰岛素作用、脂肪分解和线粒体呼吸来调节机体代谢，从而控制底物的使用来产生热量而不是 ATP。因此，免疫反应等耗能高昂的重要功能可能已经进化为相应地对大量营养素摄入的饮食过剩和不足做出反应。在这里，我们回顾了膳食摄入常量营养素及其代谢与免疫系统的相互作用。