In this study, municipal solid waste (MSW) composition in distinct world locations is compared and a case study is assessed. Three waste-to-energy (WtE) techniques are employed within the framework of an industrial partnership. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and a brief social contextualization including the production of renewable energy from the waste generated worldwide were held to attain a holistic view and attract the interest of multiple stakeholders. Incineration depicted a sustainable profile with improved results for global warming potential and terrestrial ecotoxicity potential. Regular gasification revealed the best results for eutrophication, acidification, marine aquatic ecotoxicity and human toxicity potential. Two-stage plasma gasification showed negative values for all impact categories i.e. achieving environmental credits. The estimate of the electricity produced from the waste generated per capita showed a fair coverage of the electrical demand in distinct world areas. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there are no reports connecting the electricity use, the waste production and the renewable energy achieved from WtE for different world regions. Therefore, this study supports the replacement of fossil fuels with renewable alternatives, reducing greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining the comfort and commodities suitable for a comfortable quality of life.

中文翻译：

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固体废物可再生能源：生命周期分析与社会福利

在这项研究中，比较了不同世界地点的城市固体废物 (MSW) 成分，并评估了一个案例研究。在工业伙伴关系的框架内采用了三种废物转化为能源 (WtE) 技术。生命周期评估 (LCA) 和简短的社会背景化，包括从全球产生的废物中生产可再生能源，以获得整体观点并吸引多个利益相关者的兴趣。焚烧描绘了一种可持续的特征，并改善了全球变暖潜力和陆地生态毒性潜力的结果。定期气化揭示了富营养化、酸化、海洋水生生态毒性和人类潜在毒性的最佳结果。两阶段等离子气化对所有影响类别均显示负值，即获得环境信用。对人均产生的废物产生的电力的估计表明，公平地涵盖了不同世界地区的电力需求。据作者所知，没有关于世界不同地区的电力使用、废物产生和 WtE 实现的可再生能源的报告。因此，这项研究支持用可再生能源替代化石燃料，减少温室气体排放，同时保持舒适度和适合舒适生活质量的商品。WtE 为世界不同地区实现的废物生产和可再生能源。因此，这项研究支持用可再生能源替代化石燃料，减少温室气体排放，同时保持舒适度和适合舒适生活质量的商品。WtE 为世界不同地区实现的废物生产和可再生能源。因此，这项研究支持用可再生能源替代化石燃料，减少温室气体排放，同时保持舒适度和适合舒适生活质量的商品。