Abstract Capacitive deionization (CDI) is considered as a promising approach to sustain fresh water supply with environmental friendliness and convenient electrode regeneration. As a novel CDI system, flow-through electrode (FTE) CDI is drawing researchers' attention due to its structural simplicity, highly compact cells, cost effectiveness, and fast salt adsorption kinetics that are applicable for large-scale desalination of saline water. However, the FTE CDI architecture requires electrodes with robust structures and preferable permeability, considering the direct flow through mechanism, which limits their choices of electrode materials. Herein, we propose a facial electrospinning method to fabricate three-dimensional TiO2 encapsulated carbon nanofiber (TiO2@CNF), which possesses good mechanical stability and highly permeable macroporous-mesoporous structure to endure the reasonable feed pressure upon high-speed influent flushing. Moreover, the TiO2@CNF electrode shows evident pseudo-capacitive performance as well as high electrical conductivity. By integrating the features of both the TiO2@CNF and the FTE CDI architecture, the as-fabricated system displays a salt removal capacity of 15.50 mg g−1 and a desalination rate of 1.26 mg g−1 min−1 at 1.4 V. The TiO2@CNF provides a promising alternative for FTE CDI towards the future desalination technologies.

中文翻译：

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带流通电极的高速电容去离子系统

摘要 电容去离子 (CDI) 被认为是一种有前景的方法来维持淡水供应、环境友好和方便的电极再生。作为一种新型 CDI 系统，流通电极 (FTE) CDI 因其结构简单、高度紧凑的电池、成本效益和适用于大规模盐水淡化的快速盐吸附动力学而引起研究人员的注意。然而，考虑到直接流通机制，FTE CDI 架构需要具有坚固结构和良好渗透性的电极，这限制了它们对电极材料的选择。在此，我们提出了一种面部静电纺丝方法来制造三维 TiO2 包封的碳纳米纤维（TiO2@CNF），具有良好的机械稳定性和高渗透性的大孔-介孔结构，能够承受高速进水冲洗时合理的进水压力。此外，TiO2@CNF 电极显示出明显的赝电容性能以及高导电性。通过集成 TiO2@CNF 和 FTE CDI 架构的特性，制造的系统在 1.4 V 下显示出 15.50 mg g-1 的除盐能力和 1.26 mg g-1 min-1 的脱盐率。 TiO2@CNF 为未来海水淡化技术的 FTE CDI 提供了一个有前景的替代方案。