There is evidence suggesting that the effects of diet and physical activity on physical and mental well-being are the result of altered metabolic profiles. Though the central and peripheral systems work in tandem, the interactions between peripheral and central changes that lead to these altered states of well-being remains elusive. We measured changes in the metabolic profile of brain (cortex) and muscle (soleus and plantaris) tissue in rats following 5-weeks of treadmill exercise and/or a high-fat diet to evaluate peripheral and central interactions as well as identify any common adaptive mechanisms. To characterize changes in metabolic profiles, we measured relative changes in key metabolic enzymes (COX IV, hexokinase, LDHB, PFK), substrates (BHB, FFA, glucose, lactate, insulin, glycogen, BDNF) and transporters (MCT1, MCT2, MCT4, GLUT1, GLUT3). In the cortex, there was an increase in MCT1 and a decrease in glycogen following the high-fat diet, suggesting an increased reliance on monocarboxylates. Muscle changes were dependent muscle type. Within the plantaris, a high-fat diet increased the oxidative capacity of the muscle likely supported by increased glycolysis, whereas exercise increased the oxidative capacity of the muscle likely supported via increased glycogen synthesis. There was no effect of diet on soleus measurements, but exercise increased its oxidative capacity likely fueled by endogenous and exogenous monocarboxylates. For both the plantaris and soleus, combining exercise training and high-fat diet mediated results, resulting in a middling effect. Together, these results indicate the variable adaptions of two main metabolic pathways: glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. The results also suggest a dynamic relationship between the brain and body.

有证据表明，饮食和身体活动对身心健康的影响是代谢特征改变的结果。尽管中枢和外围系统协同工作，但导致这些改变的幸福状态的外围和中枢变化之间的相互作用仍然难以捉摸。我们测量了 5 周跑步机运动和/或高脂肪饮食后大鼠大脑（皮层）和肌肉（比目鱼肌和足底肌）组织代谢特征的变化，以评估外周和中枢相互作用，并确定任何常见的适应性机制。为了表征代谢谱的变化，我们测量了关键代谢酶（COX IV、己糖激酶、LDHB、PFK）、底物（BHB、FFA、葡萄糖、乳酸、胰岛素、糖原、BDNF）和转运蛋白（MCT1、MCT2、MCT4）的相对变化, GLUT1, GLUT3)。在皮质中，高脂肪饮食后 MCT1 增加，糖原减少，表明对单羧酸盐的依赖增加。肌肉变化取决于肌肉类型。在足底内，高脂肪饮食增加了肌肉的氧化能力，这可能是由糖酵解增加所支持的，而运动增加了肌肉的氧化能力，这可能是通过增加糖原合成来支持的。饮食对比目鱼肌的测量没有影响，但运动增加了其氧化能力，可能是由内源性和外源性单羧酸盐推动的。对于跖肌和比目鱼肌，结合运动训练和高脂肪饮食介导的结果，产生中等效果。总之，这些结果表明两种主要代谢途径的可变适应性：糖酵解和氧化磷酸化。