Abstract In the field of conservation and restoration, incompatibility between historic materials and restoration materials should be avoided, and, therefore, a lot of studies are aimed at assessing compatibility in restoration projects. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the mineralogical, physical, and mechanical compatibility between historic mortars and lime-metakaolin (MK) restoration mortars, using MK derived from the industrial waste from the Amazon region. It is worth mentioning that this is the first attempt to use this kind of residue for the restoration of cultural heritage. Historical samples used in this work are from the 18th and 19th centuries, from Belem do Para (northern Brazil). The composition of the restoration mortars was determined using a complete factorial duplicated in 22 with three central points. The evaluation of mineralogical compatibility was performed by XRD and DSC-TG, and the evaluation of physical and mechanical compatibility occurred by determining the compressive strength, open porosity, capillarity coefficient, and drying rate. As expected, lime mortars were the most compatible with historic mortars in terms of mineralogical composition. The mineralogy of lime-MK mortars resulted in the immediate formation of hydraulic products in the first days of curing, indicating rapid hardening and high initial mechanical strength. In general, the physical and mechanical properties of restoration mortars were compatible with historic mortars, which was influenced by the adopted features and mineralogy. The results indicate restoration mortars with lower mechanical resistance and greater open porosity, capillarity coefficient, and drying rate. This indicates that some of the restoration materials would not cause excessive stress on the old structure, favor gas exchange, and reduce the prolonged presence of moisture. The results also indicate that restoration mortars with MK are probably more resistant to weathering than restoration mortars without this additive, especially the prolonged presence of water, a common situation in the humid tropics. Thus, the conclusions of this work can be useful both for the field of conservation and restoration and for the field of applied clay science, as it directs towards the sustainable use of clays from industrial wastes as an additive in restoration mortars.

中文翻译：

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评估历史砂浆与由亚马逊工业废料制成的石灰-METAKAOLIN 修复砂浆之间的相容性

摘要 在保护与修复领域，应避免历史材料与修复材料之间的不兼容，因此，大量研究旨在评估修复项目中的兼容性。因此，这项工作旨在评估历史砂浆和石灰偏高岭土 (MK) 修复砂浆之间的矿物学、物理和机械相容性，使用来自亚马逊地区工业废物的 MK。值得一提的是，这是第一次尝试将这种残渣用于文化遗产的修复。这项工作中使用的历史样本来自 18 和 19 世纪，来自贝伦杜帕拉（巴西北部）。修复砂浆的成分是使用具有三个中心点的 22 个重复的完全阶乘确定的。矿物相容性评价通过XRD和DSC-TG进行，物理力学相容性评价通过测定抗压强度、开孔率、毛细管系数和干燥速率进行。正如预期的那样，就矿物成分而言，石灰砂浆与历史砂浆最相容。石灰-MK 砂浆的矿物学导致在固化的第一天立即形成水硬性产品，表明快速硬化和高初始机械强度。总的来说，修复砂浆的物理和机械性能与历史砂浆兼容，这受到采用的特性和矿物学的影响。结果表明修复砂浆具有较低的机械阻力和较大的开孔率、毛细管系数、和干燥速度。这表明一些修复材料不会对旧结构造成过度应力，有利于气体交换，并减少水分的长期存在。结果还表明，含有 MK 的修复砂浆可能比没有这种添加剂的修复砂浆更耐风化，尤其是长时间存在的水，这是潮湿热带地区的常见情况。因此，这项工作的结论对保护和修复领域以及应用粘土科学领域都非常有用，因为它旨在可持续利用工业废物中的粘土作为修复砂浆的添加剂。结果还表明，含有 MK 的修复砂浆可能比没有这种添加剂的修复砂浆更耐风化，尤其是长时间存在的水，这是潮湿热带地区的常见情况。因此，这项工作的结论对保护和修复领域以及应用粘土科学领域都非常有用，因为它旨在可持续利用工业废物中的粘土作为修复砂浆的添加剂。结果还表明，含有 MK 的修复砂浆可能比没有这种添加剂的修复砂浆更耐风化，尤其是长时间存在的水，这是潮湿热带地区的常见情况。因此，这项工作的结论对保护和修复领域以及应用粘土科学领域都非常有用，因为它旨在可持续利用工业废物中的粘土作为修复砂浆的添加剂。