Despite the great importance of nanocomposites in biomedical applications, some attractive nanocomposites such astitania/zirconia/calcium silicate (TiO2/ZrO2/CaSiO3) have not been studied before. In this regard, this work aimed to prepare these nanocomposites using a high-energy ball mill. Then, their powders were sintered at 1250 °C and characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, XRD technique and SEM. Moreover, mechanical properties were also measured. The in vitro bioactivity of the sintered nanocomposites was evaluated by soaking them in a simulated body fluid solution and then, examined by FTIR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the antibacterial behavior of these samples was tested against Gram− and Gram+ bacteria by shake flask method. Finally, in vitro cytotoxicity was tested against bone-like cells. The results pointed out that the successive increases in CaSiO3 contents led to noticed decreases in mechanical and antibacterial properties of the resulting nanocomposites. Nevertheless, the presence of CaSiO3 was responsible for giving the sintered samples the required bioactivity and densification behaviors. Notably, all investigated samples revealed excellent biocompatibility behavior. Based on the abovementioned properties, these nanocomposites can be used in orthopaedic and dental applications.

中文翻译：

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用于生物医学应用的二氧化钛/氧化锆/硅酸钙纳米复合材料的合成和结构特性表征

尽管纳米复合材料在生物医学应用中非常重要，但一些有吸引力的纳米复合材料如氧化钛/氧化锆/硅酸钙 (TiO2/ZrO2/CaSiO3) 之前还没有被研究过。在这方面，这项工作旨在使用高能球磨机制备这些纳米复合材料。然后，将它们的粉末在 1250 °C 下烧结，并使用 FTIR 光谱、XRD 技术和 SEM 进行表征。此外，还测量了机械性能。烧结纳米复合材料的体外生物活性通过将它们浸泡在模拟体液溶液中来评估，然后通过 FTIR 光谱进行检查。此外，通过摇瓶方法测试了这些样品对革兰氏 - 和革兰氏 + 细菌的抗菌行为。最后，针对骨样细胞测试了体外细胞毒性。结果表明，CaSiO3 含量的连续增加导致所得纳米复合材料的机械和抗菌性能明显下降。然而，CaSiO3 的存在使烧结样品具有所需的生物活性和致密化行为。值得注意的是，所有研究的样品都显示出优异的生物相容性。基于上述特性，这些纳米复合材料可用于整形外科和牙科应用。