Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently been considered a promising alternative treatment for diverse immune disorders due to their unique biomedical potentials including the immunomodulatory property and ability to promote tissue regeneration. However, despite many years of pre-clinical studies in the research field, results from clinical trials using these cells have been diverse and conflicting. This discrepancy is caused by several factors such as poor engraftment, low survival rate, and donor-dependent variation of the cells. Enhancement of consistency and efficacy of MSCs remains a challenge to overcome the current obstacles to MSC-based therapy and subsequently achieve an improved therapeutic outcome. In this review, we investigated function enhancement strategies by categorizing as preconditioning, genetic manipulation, usage of supportive materials, and co-administration with currently used drugs. Preconditioning prior to MSC application makes up a large proportion of improvement strategies and preconditioning reagents include bioactive substances (cytokines, growth factors, and innate immune receptor agonists), hypoxia, and modification in culture method. With the piled results from previous studies using each method, disease- or patient-specific therapy has become more important than ever. On the other hand, genetic manipulation targeting therapeutic-associated factors or co-administration of biocompatible materials has also arisen as other therapeutic strategies. Thus, we summarized several specialized tactics by analyzing up-to-date results in the field and proposed some promising enhancement methods to improve the clinical outcomes for MSC therapy.

中文翻译：

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间充质干细胞免疫调节的功能增强策略及其治疗应用。

间充质干细胞（MSCs）由于其独特的生物医学潜力，包括免疫调节特性和促进组织再生的能力，最近被认为是治疗各种免疫疾病的有前途的替代疗法。然而，尽管在研究领域进行了多年的临床前研究，但使用这些细胞的临床试验结果却是多样且矛盾的。这种差异是由几个因素引起的，例如植入不良，存活率低和细胞的供体依赖性变化。MSC的一致性和功效的增强仍然是克服目前基于MSC的治疗障碍并随后获得改善的治疗结果的挑战。在这篇评论中，我们通过分类为预处理，基因操作，使用支持材料，以及与目前使用的药物合用。MSC施用前的预处理构成了很大一部分改进策略，而预处理试剂包括生物活性物质（细胞因子，生长因子和先天性免疫受体激动剂），低氧和培养方法的修饰。先前使用每种方法进行的研究都获得了成堆的结果，针对疾病或患者的治疗变得比以往任何时候都更加重要。另一方面，针对治疗相关因素的基因操作或生物相容性材料的共同给药也已作为其他治疗策略出现。因此，我们通过分析该领域的最新成果总结了几种专门的策略，并提出了一些有前途的增强方法来改善MSC治疗的临床结果。