Tough micro-double-network (μ-DN) ion gels, composed of interpenetrating inorganic and organic networks swollen with 80 wt % of an ionic liquid, were fabricated in an open system using nonvolatile materials: silica nanoparticles for the inorganic network, a cross-linkable polymer for the organic network, and an ionic liquid. The cross-linkable copolymer, poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-N-succinimidyl acrylate) synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, was cross-linked in situ with a diamine to form the organic network. On the application of load, the inorganic network was partly destroyed resulting in substantial energy dissipation, but the organic network acted as hidden length to suppress the macroscopic destruction of the μ-DN ion gel. The modulus, fracture strength, and strain-to-break of the μ-DN ion gels were tuned by varying the cross-linking degree of the organic network, which could be controlled by changing either the succinimidyl acrylate content of the cross-linkable polymer or the cross-linkable polymer concentration in the precursor solution.

中文翻译：

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在开放系统中使用可交联聚合物制备无机/有机双网络离子凝胶

在开放系统中使用非挥发性材料制造坚韧的微双网络（μ-DN）离子凝胶，该凝胶由互穿的无机和有机网络互溶而成，其中的无机和有机网络膨胀了80 wt％的离子液体。用于有机网络的可连接聚合物和离子液体。可交联的共聚物，聚（Ñ，Ñ -dimethylacrylamide-共- ñ-可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合合成的丙烯酸-琥珀酰亚胺酯）与二胺原位交联形成有机网络。在施加载荷时，无机网络被部分破坏，导致大量的能量消散，而有机网络则充当隐藏长度，以抑制μ-DN离子凝胶的宏观破坏。通过改变有机网络的交联度，可以调整μ-DN离子凝胶的模量，断裂强度和断裂应变，这可以通过改变可交联聚合物的丙烯酸琥珀酰亚胺基酯含量来控制或前体溶液中可交联聚合物的浓度。