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Bridging the membrane lipid divide: bacteria of the FCB group superphylum have the potential to synthesize archaeal ether lipids.
The ISME Journal ( IF 11.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-14 , DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00772-2
Laura Villanueva 1, 2 , F A Bastiaan von Meijenfeldt 3 , Alexander B Westbye 1 , Subhash Yadav 1 , Ellen C Hopmans 1 , Bas E Dutilh 3, 4 , Jaap S Sinninghe Damsté 1, 2
Affiliation  

Archaea synthesize membranes of isoprenoid lipids that are ether-linked to glycerol-1-phosphate (G1P), while Bacteria/Eukarya produce membranes consisting of fatty acids ester-bound to glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P). This dichotomy in membrane lipid composition (i.e., the ‘lipid divide’) is believed to have arisen after the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA). A leading hypothesis is that LUCA possessed a heterochiral ‘mixed archaeal/bacterial membrane’. However, no natural microbial representatives supporting this scenario have been shown to exist today. Here, we demonstrate that bacteria of the Fibrobacteres–Chlorobi–Bacteroidetes (FCB) group superphylum encode a putative archaeal pathway for ether-bound isoprenoid membrane lipids in addition to the bacterial fatty acid membrane pathway. Key genes were expressed in the environment and their recombinant expression in Escherichia coli resulted in the formation of a ‘mixed archaeal/bacterial membrane’. Genomic evidence and biochemical assays suggest that the archaeal-like lipids of members of the FCB group could possess either a G1P or G3P stereochemistry. Our results support the existence of ‘mixed membranes’ in natural environments and their stability over a long period in evolutionary history, thereby bridging a once-thought fundamental divide in biology.



中文翻译:

弥合膜脂质鸿沟:FCB 组超门的细菌具有合成古菌醚脂质的潜力。

古细菌合成与 1-磷酸甘油 (G1P) 醚连接的类异戊二烯脂质膜,而细菌/真核生物则产生由与 3-磷酸甘油 (G3P) 酯结合的脂肪酸组成的膜。这种膜脂质成分的二分法(即“脂质分裂”)被认为是在最后一个普遍共同祖先(LUCA)之后出现的。一个主要的假设是 LUCA 具有异手性“混合古细菌/细菌膜”。然而,目前还没有证明存在支持这种情况的天然微生物代表。在这里,我们证明除了细菌脂肪酸膜途径之外,Fibrobacteres-Chlorobi-Bacteroidetes (FCB) 组超门的细菌还编码了一种假定的与醚结合的类异戊二烯膜脂质的古菌途径。大肠杆菌导致“混合古细菌/细菌膜”的形成。基因组证据和生化分析表明,FCB 组成员的古菌样脂质可能具有 G1P 或 G3P 立体化学。我们的研究结果支持自然环境中“混合膜”的存在及其在进化史上的长期稳定性,从而弥合了生物学中曾经被认为的根本分歧。

更新日期:2020-09-14
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