Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is an extensively used electron transporting layer (ETL) in n–i–p perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Although, TiO₂ ETL experiences the high surface defect together with low electron extraction ability, which causes severe energy loss and poor stability in the PSC. In this study, a new intermediate layer consisting of gold nanoparticles functionalized with fully conjugated fullerene C₆₀ derivative (C₆₀‐BCT@Au NPs) that enhances the interfacial contact at ETL/perovskite interface leading to a perovskite film with improved crystallinity and morphology is reported. Moreover, the studies demonstrate that the interface modification of the TiO₂ ETL with C₆₀‐BCT@Au NPs substantially improves the charge extraction efficiency from the perovskite layer and suppresses charge recombination processes. Consequently, the resulting device yields a champion efficiency of 19.08% as well as devaluation in hysteresis. In addition, the unencapsulated PSCs with c‐TiO₂/C₆₀‐BCT@Au NPs ETL retain 83% and 90% of their original PCEs after 500 h storage in air and exposure to continuous UV illumination for 200 h, respectively. This study provides an effective method to address the electron transporting issues between perovskite and c‐TiO₂ ETL for developing stable and efficient PSCs.

中文翻译：

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富勒烯衍生物功能化的金纳米颗粒作为有效的界面层，可提高平面钙钛矿太阳能电池的效率和稳定性

二氧化钛（TiO ₂）是n–i–p钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）中广泛使用的电子传输层（ETL）。虽然，TiO ₂ ETL经历了高的表面缺陷以及低的电子提取能力，这导致严重的能量损失和PSC的稳定性差。在这项研究中，由金纳米颗粒组成的新中间层由完全共轭的富勒烯C ₆₀衍生物（C ₆₀ -BCT @ Au NPs）官能化，该层增强了ETL /钙钛矿界面的界面接触，从而形成了具有改善结晶度和形态的钙钛矿薄膜。报告。此外，研究表明，TiO ₂ ETL与C ₆₀的界面改性‐BCT @ Au NP大大提高了钙钛矿层的电荷提取效率，并抑制了电荷复合过程。因此，最终的器件产生了19.08％的最佳效率，并且磁滞降低了。此外，具有c-TiO ₂ / C _60- BCT @ Au NPs ETL的未封装PSC在空气中储存500小时并暴露于连续紫外线照射200小时后，仍保留其原始PCE的83％和90％。这项研究为解决钙钛矿和c-TiO ₂ ETL之间的电子传输问题提供了一种有效的方法，以开发稳定高效的PSC。