This study presents atmospheric boundary layer observations made over the Ross Sea using a long‐duration Controlled Meteorological (CMET) balloon and a comparison with Antarctic Mesoscale prediction System (AMPS) forecasts. The CMET balloon was launched on the 22nd of November 2017 at 1230 UTC, this flight performed 31 repeated soundings of the atmospheric boundary layer over a period of 70 hours. During the flight the balloon made close passes of the open Terra Nova Bay and Ross Sea polynyas. We use the AMPS forecast during the flight to understand the influence of the polynya on the air sampled by the CMET balloon. Balloon observations of temperature, humidity, and wind velocity generally agree with AMPS forecasts, with the largest disparities in the wind direction field during periods of light wind, and when the path of the balloon was near complex topography. To understand the thermodynamic interaction between these polynyas and the atmospheric volume sampled by the balloon, a Lagrangian trajectory model forced by AMPS winds was used to calculate the total and partial derivatives of potential temperature as well as the total water mixing ratio. This allowed us assess the thermodynamic profile of the overlying atmospheric boundary layer. Based on analysis of the AMPS forecast we were able to identify a region of warming air with an area of 20,000 km², centred over the Ross Sea Polynya which was providing a strong heat source, at the time of the balloon flight.

中文翻译：

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罗斯海Polynya附近南极中尺度预报系统（AMPS）预报与受控气象（CMET）气球观测的比较

这项研究介绍了使用长期控制气象（CMET）气球在罗斯海进行的大气边界层观测，并与南极中尺度预报系统（AMPS）预报进行了比较。CMET气球于2017年11月22日世界标准时间（UTC）1230发射升空，在70个小时内对大气边界层进行了31次重复探测。在飞行过程中，气球近距离通过了开放的Terra Nova湾和Ross Sea的polynyas。我们在飞行过程中使用AMPS预报来了解polynya对CMET气球采样的空气的影响。气球观测到的温度，湿度和风速通常与AMPS预报相符，在微风期间，风向场的差异最大，当气球的路径接近复杂的地形时 为了了解这些多年生动物与气球采样的大气之间的热力学相互作用，使用了由AMPS风强迫的拉格朗日轨迹模型来计算潜在温度的总和偏导数以及总水混合比。这使我们能够评估上覆大气边界层的热力学剖面。根据对AMPS预测的分析，我们能够确定20,000 km区域的暖空气区域 一个由AMPS风强迫的拉格朗日轨迹模型用于计算潜在温度的总和偏导数以及总水混合比。这使我们能够评估上覆大气边界层的热力学剖面。根据对AMPS预报的分析，我们能够识别出20,000 km的暖空气区域 一个由AMPS风强迫的拉格朗日轨迹模型用于计算潜在温度的总和偏导数以及总水混合比。这使我们能够评估上覆大气边界层的热力学剖面。根据对AMPS预报的分析，我们能够识别出20,000 km的暖空气区域^2号气球飞行时以罗斯海波利尼亚（Ross Sea Polynya）为中心，后者提供了强大的热源。