During the recent period of time, dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have become an exciting invention to meet our energy demands. Its reasonable cost of production and easy fabrication make it a powerful competent to the conventional solar cells. But non‐achievement of expected efficiency is the key challenge faced by the scientific society. To overcome this, boundless research is going on the revamping of DSSC. Among the four chief parts of DSSC, the photoanodes gain more attention due to its dual function. Scilicet, it act as a charge carrier and as a surface for dye adsorption as well. Hence photoanode modification plays a crucial role in enhancing the power conversion efficiencies of DSSCs. It comprises of wide bandgap semiconducting metal oxides, among which TiO₂ stands out with higher efficiency. Likewise in the case of photosensitizers, metal complex based dyes (mainly ruthenium based) take the lead in augmented efficiency. This paper critically reviews the work on all the metal oxides used as photoanode materials, comparing their band gap with the best efficiencies reported for each and analyzing their advantages and disadvantages. An overview of the performance of DSSCs based on different metal atom doped metal oxide photoanode, incorporation of various carbonaceous materials and different passivating agents has been included. Also, the modification in the photosensitizer has been discussed, examining the reports on organometallics based dyes and metal free organic dyes.

中文翻译：

---

光阳极的有效电荷收集和光敏剂的光吸收：综述

在最近一段时间内，染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）已成为满足我们能源需求的令人兴奋的发明。其合理的生产成本和易于制造的特性使其成为常规太阳能电池的强大功能。但是，无法达到预期的效率是科学社会面临的主要挑战。为了克服这个问题，正在进行无休止的研究以改进DSSC。在DSSC的四个主要部分中，光阳极由于其双重功能而受到更多关注。Scilicet，它既充当电荷载体，又充当染料吸附的表面。因此，光阳极改性在提高DSSC的功率转换效率中起着至关重要的作用。它由宽带隙半导体金属氧化物组成，其中TiO ₂效率更高。同样在光敏剂的情况下，金属络合物基染料（主要是钌基染料）在提高效率方面也处于领先地位。本文批判性地回顾了用作光阳极材料的所有金属氧化物的工作，比较了它们的带隙和报道的每种材料的最佳效率，并分析了它们的优缺点。概述了基于不同金属原子掺杂的金属氧化物光阳极，各种碳质材料和不同钝化剂的掺入的DSSC的性能。另外，已经讨论了光敏剂中的改性，检查了有关基于有机金属的染料和不含金属的有机染料的报道。