Permethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide that has been widely used for the impregnation of fabrics to prevent the bites from arthropods such as mosquitoes and ticks. There are two types of permethrin impregnation: Do‐It‐Yourself (DIY) packs and pre‐impregnated fabrics. Both forms have been on sale for many years in Australia, however to date, no data are available regarding their efficacy against Ixodes holocyclus. The aims of this study were to test and compare the contact toxicity of a DIY product versus two pre‐impregnated fabrics (shirt and trousers) against I. holocyclus, and to test the efficacy of the fabrics after repeated laundering. All treated and untreated fabrics were tested before laundering (0 washes) and after 10, 30 and 50 washes. Five ticks were placed onto each test fabric for 2 min, with four replicates for a total of 20 ticks per test. Both knockdown and mortality of I. holocyclus ticks were recorded at 60 min and 24 h, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between knockdown and mortality in ticks exposed to each fabric product, before and after laundering. All of the unwashed treated fabrics were effective in causing 100% knockdown. With 10 washes, the percentage of knockdown with the pre‐impregnated shirt and trousers was 95% and 90%, respectively. The DIY product was less effective with only 15% knockdown. The levels of knockdown with the pre‐impregnated shirt and trousers further decreased with 30 washes to 70% and 20%, respectively, and then further declined to 45% and 20% with 50 washes. For the DIY product, knockdown was only 10% and 5% with 30 and 50 washes, respectively. There was minimal mortality recorded at 24 h even with the unwashed fabrics. This study indicated that the pre‐impregnated product was more effective in repelling I. holocyclus ticks than the DIY impregnation pack and the efficacy of this product degrades notably after 10 washes.

中文翻译：

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氯菊酯浸渍的衣服对澳大利亚瘫痪壁虱Ixodes holocyclus的毒性和持久性（Acari：Ixodidae）

苄氯菊酯是一种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂，已广泛用于织物浸渍，以防止节肢动物（例如蚊子和壁虱）叮咬。苄氯菊酯的浸渍方式有两种：自己动手（DIY）包和预先浸渍的织物。两种形式在澳大利亚已经销售了很多年，但是迄今为止，尚无关于它们对全环线虫的功效的数据。这项研究的目的是测试和比较DIY产品与两种预浸渍织物（衬衫和裤子）对全环线虫的接触毒性。，并在反复洗涤后测试织物的功效。在洗涤（0次洗涤）之前和10、30和50次洗涤之后，测试所有处理过的和未处理的织物。在每个测试织物上放置5个刻度，持续2分钟，重复四次，每个测试总计20个刻度。全环线虫的击倒率和死亡率分别在60分钟和24小时记录。逻辑回归分析用于评估清洗前后每种织物产品tick的击倒率与死亡率之间的关系。所有未洗涤的经处理的织物均有效地引起100％的击倒。洗涤10次后，预浸衬衫和裤子的击倒百分比分别为95％和90％。DIY产品效果不佳，击倒率仅为15％。预先浸渍的衬衫和裤子的击倒水平进一步下降，分别进行30次洗涤至70％和20％，然后进一步下降至45％和20％（洗涤50次）。对于DIY产品，清洗30和50次后的击倒率分别仅为10％和5％。即使使用未洗涤的织物，在24小时时记录的死亡率也最低。I. holocyclus比DIY浸渍包滴答作响，经过10次洗涤后，该产品的功效显着下降。