Abstract The plant microbial fuel cell (PMFC) is a recently developed energy-generating technology that supports sustainable agriculture. Design configuration is the key bottleneck in optimization and upscaling of paddy based PMFCs. In this study, two designs (Type-I (horizontal) and Type-II (vertical)) of terracotta based ceramic PMFCs (C-PMFC) are incorporated into the paddy field to recover nutrients, energy, and water (“NEW”) resources. The peak voltage generated in Type-I and Type-II C-PMFC was 292.1 mV and 321.7 mV respectively. The polarisation study in the ripening phase of paddy showed a maximum power density of 9.1 mW/m² (type-I) and 16.8 mW/m² (type-II). The volume of catholyte recovered is observed to be dependent on the C-PMFC performance and growth phases of the paddy. In the entire 10 weeks of the experimental period, a total of 451 mL and 943 mL of catholyte was collected at 100Ω load in type-I and type-II, respectively. The collected catholyte is alkaline in nature and maximum catholyte recovery is achieved at the active tillering phase and declined with the advancement of the development stages of the plant. Osmotic and electro-osmotic migration of various nutrients like ammonium from the paddy field to cathode chamber of C-PMFC is observed throughout the experiment.

中文翻译：

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利用植物微生物燃料电池从稻田中回收资源

摘要 植物微生物燃料电池 (PMFC) 是最近开发的一种支持可持续农业的能源生产技术。设计配置是优化和升级基于稻谷的 PMFC 的关键瓶颈。在这项研究中，将赤陶基陶瓷 PMFC (C-PMFC) 的两种设计（I 型（水平）和 II 型（垂直））结合到稻田中以回收养分、能量和水（“新”）资源。Type-I 和 Type-II C-PMFC 产生的峰值电压分别为 292.1 mV 和 321.7 mV。稻谷成熟阶段的极化研究显示最大功率密度为 9.1 mW/m²（I 型）和 16.8 mW/m²（II 型）。观察到回收的阴极电解液的体积取决于稻谷的 C-PMFC 性能和生长阶段。在整个 10 周的实验期间，在 100Ω 负载下，在类型 I 和类型 II 中分别收集了总共 451 mL 和 943 mL 的阴极电解液。收集到的阴极电解液本质上是碱性的，在活跃的分蘖阶段实现了最大的阴极电解液回收率，并随着植物发育阶段的推进而下降。在整个实验过程中观察到各种营养物质（如铵）从稻田到 C-PMFC 阴极室的渗透和电渗迁移。