Abstract Ensuring a balance of conservation and human activities within the marine environment requires complex decisions on how to achieve conservation objectives whilst considering the likely economic and social costs and benefits of such decisions. We assessed the risk of adverse effects from abrasion caused by bottom fishing, as a case study, to demonstrate an integrated spatial management methodology. Risk was quantified in the Galway Bay, Ireland region using a 1 km grid, as the ratio between mortality and recovery of benthic infauna exposed to abrasion effects estimated from fishing data. Risk was considered high if annual mortality exceeded recovery. A Bayesian network model, incorporating ecological and economic data, compared three management scenarios: i) business as usual (BAU), ii) exclusion of fishing vessels over 18 m within 6 nautical miles (68% of study area) (Length) and iii) a network of marine protected areas (MPAs) closed to all fishing vessels (11% of study area) (MPA). The BAU scenario indicated that risk was high for 85.6% of the study area. The length scenario resulted in a 14.6% reduction in high risk cells, affecting €0.9 M of landings, €0.7 M of indirect output and 19 full time equivalent (FTE) employees. The MPA scenario resulted in a 1.7% reduction of high risk cells. This scenario affected €0.17M in landings, €0.13M in indirect outputs and 3 FTE employees. We present a method which provides a quantitative, spatial, risk and economic impact assessment of the effects of human activities and pressures on the marine environment that assesses potential costs and benefits of management options to mitigate against these pressures. Future development of a mortality-recovery ratio for defined time periods would enable application across multiple habitats, human activities and pressures.

中文翻译：

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评估海洋管理生态和经济影响的综合方法：磨损和移动渔具影响的案例研究

摘要 确保海洋环境中保护和人类活动的平衡需要就如何实现保护目标做出复杂的决定，同时考虑这些决定可能带来的经济和社会成本和收益。作为案例研究，我们评估了底层捕捞造成的磨损的不利影响风险，以展示综合空间管理方法。在爱尔兰戈尔韦湾地区，使用 1 公里网格量化风险，作为根据捕鱼数据估计的暴露于磨损影响的底栖动物的死亡率与恢复之间的比率。如果年死亡率超过恢复，则认为风险很高。结合生态和经济数据的贝叶斯网络模型比较了三种管理方案：i) 一切照旧 (BAU)，ii) 将 6 海里（研究区域的 68%）（长度）内超过 18 m 的渔船排除在外 iii) 对所有渔船关闭的海洋保护区 (MPA) 网络（研究区域的 11%）（MPA） . BAU 情景表明，85.6% 的研究区域存在高风险。长度方案导致高风险单元减少了 14.6%，影响了 90 万欧元的上岸量、70 万欧元的间接产出和 19 名全职等效 (FTE) 员工。MPA 情景导致高风险细胞减少了 1.7%。这种情况影响了 17 万欧元的着陆、13 万欧元的间接产出和 3 名全职员工。我们提出了一种方法，它提供了一个定量的、空间的、风险和经济影响评估人类活动和压力对海洋环境的影响，评估缓解这些压力的管理选择的潜在成本和收益。未来在定义的时间段内制定死亡率-恢复率将使应用能够跨越多个栖息地、人类活动和压力。