The thermal characteristics of batteries in electric vehicles are important for the vehicle performance and safety. In this work, various battery thermal management methods for laminated lithium-ion batteries are evaluated by experiments and numerical simulations. First, a simulation scheme is proposed and verified by the results of the experiments conducted in this study. Then, five thermal management methods, including air natural convection, natural or forced convection with fins sandwiched between battery cells, forced convection with slotted fins, and natural convection with fins and phase change material (PCM) are numerically investigated. The results show that 3- mm thick copper fins greatly improve the cooling effect. At low discharge rates, natural convection with fins meets the cooling requirements. At high discharge rates, forced convection with fins or natural convection with fins and PCM is necessary to meet the cooling requirements. By replacing the copper fins with aluminum fins, the fin thickness should be increased by 1 mm to meet the cooling requirements, while the battery pack total weight is decreased by 41%, indicating that aluminum has potential in battery thermal management systems in electric vehicles.

电动车辆中电池的热特性对于车辆性能和安全性至关重要。在这项工作中，通过实验和数值模拟评估了用于层压锂离子电池的各种电池热管理方法。首先，提出了一种仿真方案，并通过本研究的实验结果进行了验证。然后，对五种热管理方法进行了数值研究，包括空气自然对流，夹在电池单元之间的翅片的自然对流或强迫对流，开槽翅片的强迫对流以及翅片和相变材料（PCM）的自然对流。结果表明，3毫米厚的铜散热片大大提高了冷却效果。在低排放速率下，翅片的自然对流满足冷却要求。在高放电率下 为了满足冷却要求，必须使用散热片强制对流或使用散热片和PCM自然对流。通过用铝翅片代替铜翅片，应将翅片厚度增加1毫米以满足冷却要求，同时使电池组的总重量减少41％，这表明铝在电动汽车的电池热管理系统中具有潜力。