The high efficiency, convenience and diversity of clustered regular interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems are driving a technological revolution in the gene editing of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Cas-RNA cassettes have been adopted as tools to perform gene deletion, insertion and point mutation in several species of LAB. In this article, we describe the basic mechanisms of the CRISPR–Cas system, and the current gene editing methods available, focusing on the CRISPR–Cas models developed for LAB. We also compare the different types of CRISPR–Cas-based genomic manipulations classified according to the different Cas proteins and the type of recombineering, and discuss the rapidly evolving landscape of CRISPR–Cas application in LAB.

簇状规则间隔的短回文重复序列（CRISPR）/ CRISPR相关（Cas）系统的高效，便捷和多样性正在推动乳酸菌（LAB）基因编辑的技术革命。Cas-RNA盒已被用作在几种LAB物种中执行基因删除，插入和点突变的工具。在本文中，我们将介绍CRISPR–Cas系统的基本机制以及当前可用的基因编辑方法，重点是为LAB开发的CRISPR–Cas模型。我们还比较了根据不同Cas蛋白和重组类型分类的基于CRISPR–Cas的基因组操作的不同类型，并讨论了CRISPR–Cas在LAB中的快速发展前景。