ABSTRACT The results of an integrated geophysical survey at the archaeological site of Abu Serga church, Cairo, Egypt are presented and discussed. The aim was to investigate the ground conditions of the Church of Abu Serga (St. Sergius), the Cairo’s oldest, dated from 4th Century church, which is located at Qasr el-Shama in old Cairo in Egypt. In particular the objective is to study the subsurface geological structures at the location of the church, and to detect and possibly map any ancient remains concealed under the monument. The survey was conducted using two geophysical methods: the ground penetrating radar (GPR), which is a fully non-destructive method, and the electrical resistivity tomographies (ERTs). The usefulness of combining conventional geophysical mapping techniques and high resolution imaging methods in delineating shallow targets of archaeological interest at such complex archaeological sites, is studied. Ground penetrating radar time slices and 3D electrical tomography depth slices were used for the verification of specific anthropogenic anomalies, which were detected on the geophysical maps Processing of geophysical maps included filtering with the gradient and first derivative operators in the space domain and the upward continuation and Butterworth filters in the wave number domain. The integration of the geophysical measurements revealed that the present Crypt is not the original holy Crypt. The anomalous reflector is detected at depth of about 5 m below the sanctuary floor, in the form of buried ceiling of the original Crypt. The present Crypt is just a small low subterranean church belong to the 2nd century. High resistivity anomalies and distinct GPR signals were also observed deeper in the inner parts of the church. They are attributed to possible remains of ancient walls and surrounding tunnels, or other man-made structures concealed under the floor of the monument. The geophysical survey at Abu Serga church also demonstrates that the general features of the foundation soil are heterogeneous with abundance of fractures; the water table is very high at 1.8m below the sanctuary floors. The benefits of combined geophysical surveys in case of archaeological investigations at complex sites are highlighted.

中文翻译：

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埃及开罗阿布塞尔加教堂（圣塞尔吉乌斯）的开罗最古老的地球物理调查

摘要 介绍并讨论了在埃及开罗 Abu Serga 教堂考古遗址进行的综合地球物理调查的结果。目的是调查开罗最古老的阿布塞尔加教堂（圣塞尔吉乌斯）的地面状况，该教堂建于 4 世纪，位于埃及旧开罗的 Qasr el-Shama。特别是目标是研究教堂所在地的地下地质结构，并探测并可能绘制隐藏在纪念碑下的任何古代遗迹。该调查使用两种地球物理方法进行：探地雷达 (GPR)，这是一种完全无损的方法，以及电阻率层析成像 (ERT)。研究了将传统地球物理绘图技术与高分辨率成像方法相结合，在如此复杂的考古遗址中划定具有考古价值的浅层目标的有效性。探地雷达时间切片和 3D 电断层扫描深度切片用于验证地球物理图上检测到的特定人为异常 地球物理图的处理包括空间域梯度和一阶导数算子的过滤以及向上延续和波数域中的巴特沃斯滤波器。综合地球物理测量结果表明，现在的地穴并不是原来的神圣地穴。异常反射器在圣所地板下方约 5 m 的深度处被检测到，以原始地穴的埋入天花板的形式存在。现在的地穴只是一个属于 2 世纪的小型低地下教堂。在教堂内部更深处也观察到高电阻率异常和明显的 GPR 信号。它们被归因于可能是古代墙壁和周围隧道的遗迹，或隐藏在纪念碑地板下的其他人造结构。Abu Serga 教堂的地球物理调查也表明，地基土壤的总体特征是异质的，裂缝很多；圣所楼层以下 1.8m 处的地下水位非常高。强调了在复杂地点进行考古调查时联合地球物理调查的好处。在教堂内部更深处也观察到高电阻率异常和明显的 GPR 信号。它们被归因于可能是古代墙壁和周围隧道的遗迹，或隐藏在纪念碑地板下的其他人造结构。Abu Serga 教堂的地球物理调查也表明，地基土壤的总体特征是异质的，裂缝很多；圣所楼层以下 1.8m 处的地下水位非常高。强调了在复杂地点进行考古调查时联合地球物理调查的好处。在教堂内部更深处也观察到高电阻率异常和明显的 GPR 信号。它们被归因于可能是古代墙壁和周围隧道的遗迹，或隐藏在纪念碑地板下的其他人造结构。Abu Serga 教堂的地球物理调查也表明，地基土壤的总体特征是异质的，裂缝很多；圣所楼层以下 1.8m 处的地下水位非常高。强调了在复杂地点进行考古调查时联合地球物理调查的好处。Abu Serga 教堂的地球物理调查也表明，地基土壤的总体特征是异质的，裂缝很多；圣所楼层以下 1.8m 处的地下水位非常高。强调了在复杂地点进行考古调查时联合地球物理调查的好处。Abu Serga 教堂的地球物理调查也表明，地基土壤的总体特征是异质的，裂缝很多；圣所楼层以下 1.8m 处的地下水位非常高。强调了在复杂地点进行考古调查时联合地球物理调查的好处。