ABSTRACT Nowadays, Europe is heavily engaged in the evolution of a new generation of high-performance computing (HPC), and new perspectives are looking at the emerging computational era called exascale. The presence of converging, domain-independent interests on Big Data among different communities, from Information Communication Technologies (ITC) to Life Sciences, Physics, Astrophysics, Space Sciences and many other fields, as well as the development of new skills, is leading to the establishment of specific collaborations with the aim of exploiting knowledge, capacities and research and innovation potential from different communities. The new program of Europe (named EuroHPC) is encouraging the sharing of these experiences and the cooperation between different entities like scientific research centers, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and private industries, for joint actions and the development of new skills in the Big Data and artificial intelligence (AI) domains. This program has two main pillars: ‘Supercomputing and Data Infrastructure Programme’ to deliver two world-class precursors of exascale supercomputers on 2020 and ‘Research and Innovation Programme’ on HPC to support the development of European supercomputing technology with the co-design of European exascale machines and to foster applications, skills development and a wider use of the new generation of computing systems. The co-design of these new systems, considering the big amount of data they need to handle with increasingly complexity, will also drive the development of a new generation of artificial intelligence techniques and visual analytics systems to underpin more accurate investigations. This paper is an analysis of the evolution of computing from a European perspective, looking at new generation systems and data analysis techniques in the era of Big Data, illustrating ideas with examples developed within the context of a specific physics field.

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计算和数据分析的新前沿——欧洲视角

摘要 如今，欧洲正积极参与新一代高性能计算 (HPC) 的演进，新的视角正在审视新兴的计算时代，即百亿亿次。从信息通信技术 (ITC) 到生命科学、物理学、天体物理学、空间科学和许多其他领域，不同社区之间对大数据的融合、独立于领域的兴趣以及新技能的发展正在导致建立具体合作，以开发不同社区的知识、能力以及研究和创新潜力。欧洲的新计划（名为 EuroHPC）鼓励分享这些经验以及不同实体之间的合作，例如科学研究中心、中小型企业 (SME) 和私营企业，在大数据和人工智能 (AI) 领域采取联合行动并开发新技能。该计划有两个主要支柱：“超级计算和数据基础设施计划”将在 2020 年交付两台百亿亿级超级计算机的世界级先驱，以及“研究与创新计划”在 HPC 上支持欧洲超级计算技术与欧洲超级计算技术的共同设计。百亿亿级计算机，并促进新一代计算系统的应用、技能开发和更广泛的使用。这些新系统的协同设计，考虑到它们需要处理越来越复杂的大量数据，还将推动新一代人工智能技术和视觉分析系统的发展，以支持更准确的调查。本文从欧洲的角度分析了计算的演变，着眼于大数据时代的新一代系统和数据分析技术，通过在特定物理领域背景下开发的示例说明了想法。