Valvular heart diseases (VHD) are a major health burden, affecting millions of people worldwide. The treatments for such diseases rely on medicine, valve repair, and artificial heart valves including mechanical and bioprosthetic valves. Yet, there are countless reports on possible alternatives noting long-term stability and biocompatibility issues and highlighting the need for fabrication of more durable and effective replacements. This review discusses the current and potential materials that can be used for developing such valves along with existing and developing fabrication methods. With this perspective, we quantitatively compare mechanical properties of various materials that are currently used or proposed for heart valves along with their fabrication processes to identify challenges we face in creating new materials and manufacturing techniques to better mimick ​the performance of native heart valves.

瓣膜性心脏病（VHD）是主要的健康负担，影响着全球数百万人。对此类疾病的治疗依赖于药物，瓣膜修复和人造心脏瓣膜，包括机械瓣膜和生物瓣膜。但是，关于可能的替代品的报告不计其数，这些报告都提到了长期稳定性和生物相容性问题，并强调了制造更耐用，有效的替代品的必要性。本文将讨论可用于开发此类阀门的当前和潜在材料，以及现有和正在开发的制造方法。从这个角度来看，