Heterostructured materials have been reported as a new class of materials with superior mechanical properties, which was attributed to the development of back stress. There are numerous reports on back stress theories and measurements with no consensus. Back stress is developed in soft domains to offset the applied stress, making them appear stronger, while forward stress is developed to make hard domains appear weaker. The extra hardening in heterostructured materials is resulted from interactions between back stresses and forward stresses, and should be described as hetero-deformation induced (HDI) hardening and the measured ‘back stress’ should be renamed HDI stress.

据报道，异质结构材料是具有优异机械性能的新型材料，这归因于背应力的发展。关于背压理论和测量方法的大量报道尚无共识。在软区域中产生了背应力，以抵消所施加的应力，使它们显得更强；而在前部应力中产生了，使硬域显得较弱。异质结构材料中的额外硬化是由于背应力和正应力之间的相互作用而引起的，因此应描述为异质变形诱导（HDI）硬化，并且测得的“背应力”应更名为HDI应力。