Cellulose, the most abundant natural polymer on earth, is used in numerous applications in our day-to-day life. However, the discovery that cellulose-based systems could lead to the formation of liquid crystalline phases only dates to the 1970s. Compared with all known applications of cellulose, the liquid crystalline behavior has been less considered. Associated with this are the low solubility of cellulose and the existence of a chiral nematic precursor solution and its processing under the action of a shear field, which is used to produce fibers and films. In this review, we first conduct a short review of the main features of cellulosic liquid crystalline phases including the main textures observed by polarizing optical microscopy and the cholesteric phase characteristics of thermotropic and lyotropic systems observed for cellulose and cellulose derivatives. Then, we focus on the rheological properties of liquid crystalline solutions and special attention is given to the formation of striations developed during shear and the formation of the band texture, which appears during the relaxation process. Among the different techniques used, special emphasis is given to the results obtained by coupling rheology with optical microscopy (Rheo-optics) and nuclear magnetic resonance (Rheo-NMR) techniques. Some examples described in the literature, related to the use of cellulose and cellulose derivatives liquid crystals to the production of structural color scaffolds, stimuli-responsive films and fibers, are addressed. In these systems, the initial cholesteric phase determines the unique properties exhibited by the films and the fibers produced from cellulosic liquid crystalline systems.

纤维素是地球上最丰富的天然聚合物，在我们的日常生活中有许多应用。但是，基于纤维素的体系可能导致液晶相形成的发现仅可追溯到1970年代。与纤维素的所有已知应用相比，液晶行为已被较少考虑。与此相关的是纤维素的低溶解度和手性向列前体溶液的存在及其在剪切场作用下的加工，该剪切场用于生产纤维和薄膜。在这篇评论中 我们首先对纤维素液晶相的主要特征进行简短回顾，包括通过偏光光学显微镜观察到的主要质地以及对纤维素和纤维素衍生物观察到的热致和溶致体系的胆甾相特征。然后，我们关注液晶溶液的流变性质，并特别注意在剪切过程中形成的条纹的形成以及在弛豫过程中出现的条带纹理的形成。在使用的不同技术中，特别强调通过将流变学与光学显微镜（Rheo-optics）和核磁共振（Rheo-NMR）技术结合而获得的结果。文献中描述的一些例子，本发明涉及与纤维素和纤维素衍生物液晶在结构彩色支架，刺激响应膜和纤维的生产中的使用有关的问题。在这些系统中，最初的胆甾相决定了由纤维素液晶系统生产的薄膜和纤维所表现出的独特性能。