Flow biocatalysis mainly exploit immobilized enzymes for continuous chemical manufacturing. In the last decade, the use of immobilized biocatalysts in flow is growing rapidly, yet the immobilization protocols need to be optimized. In this review, we have discussed the most fundamental aspects to be considered when designing immobilized enzymes for productive and stable operations in flow. Furthermore, we analyze the protein loading, the activity recovery, the space-time yield (STY), the specific productivity and the turnover number, as complementary metrics to assess the efficiency and longevity of immobilized enzymes integrated into flow reactors. The science of the immobilization implies the engineering of the surface–protein interface, the material features and the reactor design to achieve highly active and robust heterogeneous biocatalysts under continuous operations. Hence, we encourage the flow biocatalysis community to accompany those engineering efforts with accurate assessments of both activity and stability.

流式生物催化主要利用固定化酶进行连续化学生产。在过去的十年中，固定化生物催化剂在流动中的使用正在迅速增长，但是固定化方案需要进行优化。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了在设计固定化酶以生产高效且稳定运行时要考虑的最基本方面。此外，我们分析了蛋白质负载量，活性恢复，时空产率（STY），比生产率和周转率，作为补充指标来评估整合到流动反应器中的固定化酶的效率和寿命。固定化的科学意味着表面-蛋白质界面的工程化，材料特性和反应器设计，可在连续操作下获得高活性和坚固的多相生物催化剂。因此，我们鼓励流动生物催化界伴随这些工程努力，对活性和稳定性进行准确评估。