ABSTRACT The term ‘organic minerals’ means naturally occurring crystalline organic compounds including metal salts of formic, acetic, citric, mellitic, methanesulfonic and oxalic acids. As for the rest of the (inorganic) minerals, the primary tool to disclose their crystal and molecular structure and therefore to understand their mutual relationship with each other and with synthetic analogues and also their physicochemical properties is X-ray diffraction crystallography ever since the dawn of this methodology in 1913. The structure of several synthetic organic minerals was solved well before the discovery of their natural counterpart. On the other hand, complete crystal structure determination of early discovered organic minerals had to await the advent of combined synthetic and advanced X-ray diffraction methods to fully unveil their crystal structures. We review here the crystal chemistry of organic minerals and show the importance of structural studies on their synthetic analogues. This will be highlighted by case studies on the recently reported synthetic novgorodovaite, Ca2(C2O4)Cl2·2H2O, and its heptahydrate analogue, Ca2(C2O4)Cl2·7H2O, and the isotypic to each other stepanovite, NaMg[Fe(C2O4)3]·9H2O, and zhemchuzhnikovite, NaMg[AlxFe1−x(C2O4)3]·9H2O.

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有机矿物的晶体化学——有机酸盐：合成方法

摘要 术语“有机矿物质”是指天然存在的结晶有机化合物，包括甲酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、苯六甲酸、甲磺酸和草酸的金属盐。至于其余的（无机）矿物，自黎明以来，揭示它们的晶体和分子结构并因此了解它们彼此之间以及与合成类似物的相互关系以及它们的物理化学性质的主要工具是 X 射线衍射晶体学1913 年使用这种方法。在发现它们的天然对应物之前，已经很好地解决了几种合成有机矿物的结构。另一方面，对早期发现的有机矿物进行完整的晶体结构测定，必须等待综合合成和先进的 X 射线衍射方法的出现才能完全揭示它们的晶体结构。我们在这里回顾了有机矿物的晶体化学，并展示了对其合成类似物进行结构研究的重要性。这将通过最近报道的合成 novgorodovaite Ca2(C2O4)Cl2·2H2O 及其七水合物类似物 Ca2(C2O4)Cl2·7H2O 以及彼此同种型的 Stepanovite NaMg[Fe(C2O4)3 的案例研究来强调]·9H2O 和 zhemchuzhnikovite，NaMg[AlxFe1−x(C2O4)3]·9H2O。