Synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) from common food waste is an eco-friendly and cost-effective method. The present communication reports one-pot biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Citrus sinensis (orange) peel extract (OPE). A clear synthesis of monodispersed AgNPs with average size of 22 nm has been indicated by UV–Vis spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. On the other hand, FTIR study clearly revealed that ‘ether’ and ‘alcoholic’ groups are mainly responsible for the stabilization of AgNPs. Theoretical simulation using density functional theory showed that among the alcoholic and ether groups, hotrienol is primarily responsible for the stabilization of AgNPs with the highest interaction energy of 62.92 kJ/mol. Synthesized AgNPs were found to induce apoptosis in model system hepatocellular carcinoma cell, Hep3B and showed increased percentages of late apoptotic cells.

中文翻译：

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生物银纳米粒子的合成和凋亡活性的稳定化；实验和理论研究的见解

从常见的食物垃圾中合成纳米颗粒（NPs）是一种环保且具有成本效益的方法。本来文报道了一锅柑橘生物纳米银（AgNPs）的生物合成（橙色）果皮提取物（OPE）。UV-Vis分光光度法，动态光散射和透射电子显微镜以及X射线衍射技术已表明，平均粒径为22 nm的单分散AgNP的清晰合成。另一方面，FTIR研究清楚地表明，“醚”和“酒精”基团主要负责稳定AgNP。使用密度泛函理论的理论模拟表明，在醇基和醚基中，热三烯酚主要负责稳定具有最高相互作用能62.92 kJ / mol的AgNP。发现合成的AgNPs在模型系统肝癌细胞Hep3B中诱导凋亡，并显示晚期凋亡细胞的百分比增加。